International Business Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Universal Business Economics - Essay Example The figures show work cost in hours for delivering one unit of good David Ricardo figured the hypothesis of near favorable position and contended that regardless of whether a one nation is increasingly beneficial in the two lines of creation it would be as yet productive to exchange. Nation An is progressively beneficial in the two lines of creation however it will in any case be gainful to exchange with nation B, this is appeared by first expressing that nation An is more advantaged underway of good X, along these lines when small compute the relative preferred position nation A will have some expertise in the creation of good X and nation B will deliver great Y and they will pick up by exchanging. (Hardwick, 1997) The Hecksher-ohlin exchange model expresses that exchange depends on the distinction in factor enrichment, a work rich nation will deliver and trade work concentrated great, and it will likewise import capital escalated merchandise. A capital rich nation will create and send out capital escalated merchandise; it will likewise import work concentrated products. As per the factor balance hypothesis, on the off chance that we have a circumstance where elements of creation can't move starting with one nation then onto the next however there is free development of merchandise, at that point the free development of products will in the end even out factor costs. Point Q is the harmony purpose of delivering the two merchandise for nation one, point P is the purpose of balance for nation two in creating the two products. The development of products will cause a move in harmony focuses and case value evening out. Balance move as appeared by the bolt. As indicated by the Rybczynski hypothesis an expansion in factor of creation and the other factor stays steady in a nation , then the yield of the great utilizing the factor of creation seriously increment while the yield of the other great will diminish in outright sum gave factor and yield costs stay consistent. (Jagdish, 1987) The nations unique balance is at point P, after increment in labor the new balance is at point P'. As indicated by the Stolper Samuelson hypothesis, he contends that a tax forced on import merchandise aims a pay appropriation. He contends that a tax on an import makes local costs rise; this causes an expansion in local creation as firms develop to catch the benefits brought about by the cost in this products. This impact is

Kelloggs The Worlds Leading Breakfast Food Manufacturing Business Marketing Essay

Kelloggs The Worlds Leading Breakfast Food Manufacturing Business Marketing Essay Presentation Kelloggs organization framed in 1906 became universes driving breakfast food producing business. Notable for its image of grains, Kelloggs had 30% (30 %) portion of the morning meal food showcase on the planet. Kelloggs has its fundamental market in United States, Canada and Australia. Organic product Loops, Frosted Mini-Wheat, Corn Flakes and Corn Pops are the most well known items by (Kelloggs, 2011). Promoting methodology can be characterized as the arrangement of activities focused to a specific gathering of individuals for whom the items are made, to make a picture of the items in the brains of these individuals. Normally large organizations spend a ton of assets on their showcasing research so as to think of thoughts of detailing an advertising plan (Grant, 2010). Kelloggs follow its advertising techniques in a vey clear way. It has focused on its clients and attempts to hold the offer it has in the market as of now. Kelloggs organization has its strategic vision unmistakably expressed which it follows in its showcasing plan too (Boyer and Hult, 2005). Kelloggs Competition The market for the morning meal food has an oligopolistic nature and in this way there are not many number of organizations and all appreciate a major lump of piece of the pie. These organizations incorporate Kelloggs, General Mills, Quaker Oats and Post. Because of nature of the market, there is an exceptionally less value wars among the organizations. Among these organizations just Kelloggs is the person who bargains in just grains, different organizations have broadened in different sorts of food too. Subsequently Kelloggs made its emphasis on simply the grains and picked up its incomes out it. Kelloggs SWOT Analysis Qualities Probably the greatest quality of Kelloggs is that it has existed in the market for more than hundred years in light of which individuals perceive its name and it conveys a solid brand review just as high brand mindfulness. Greatest offer occupation in the market of roughly 42% all around which is threefold of its rivals. An exceptionally enormous scope of very much oversaw items. A picture in the market of solid and nutritious food items Kelloggs has a picture of good corporate social association, in light of its ongoing effort of offer your supper with Kelloggs it has increased a decent observation in customers mind. This crusade was tied in with sharing the morning meal pictures with the organization and the organization will get a good deal on photography with which it will offer foundation to poor for breakfast (Rave Reviews, 2011). Shortcomings There are low hindrances to passage in the market The items created by Kelloggs need augmentations or redesigning on account of the realities that they have not propelled any new item in most recent four years because of which the entirety of the items are in their development stage, soon to go into declining stage. Before long the expenses of creation is relied upon to go high because of the expansion in the utility rates in view of which the costs should be increment, endangering the piece of the pie. Because of absence of expansion, it is normal that Kelloggs may free its market a similar way its offer is getting low in US advertise. Openings Kelloggs can expand and broaden its scope of items by propelling new flavors or changing the bundling style and so on. Kelloggs can possibly catch the new markets too which are still left un abused. Kelloggs gets an opportunity to assume control over the little organizations managing in breakfast food stuff which will profit Kelloggs by expanding its creation limit. Dangers Due to low boundaries new contestants are entering presenting serious danger to Kelloggs. Increment in the utilities which thusly are expanding the creation cost for Kelloggs. The value wars between the market goliaths and the Kelloggs. Less expensive innovation offering straightforwardness to new contestants to go into the market. Kelloggs Competitive Edge Kelloggs has its serious edge in the market in view of its experience of years, it has been in the market since 1906 which makes it over hundred years in the business in light of which it has most grounded brand character among all morning meal food part. Investigates demonstrate that individuals when gotten some information about an organization which comes in their brain on listening the word grain, they answered with Kelloggs. This has helped Kelloggs to assemble a colossal number of faithful clients who may end up being an advantage regardless of whether the costs goes up, they will remain clients of (Kelloggs Company, 2010). Kelloggs has another serious edge which it uses in its tasks; it is key arranging of business. Kelloggs top administration just as the lower staff is very much incorporated through the vital arranging and get all around facilitated in their activities on account of it which brings about compelling and effective operational results. This not just encourages the administration to take right choices at specific time yet in addition causes them to keep up the relations with their clients viably (Kelloggs, 2011). Another upper hand that Kelloggs appreciates is that the market for breakfast food follows Oligopoly idea of financial aspects, there are not many players in the market among whom Kelloggs has the top situation with the most elevated piece of the pie both organization astute and the item shrewd. Kelloggs Targeting and Positioning Focusing on manages the choice of a specific sections of populace and afterward picking a couple out of them to take into account the requirements of individuals having a place with those fragments (Applbaum, 2004). Kelloggs has its objective portions into various classes the significant two are talked about underneath. Children Kelloggs has focused on its couple of items for Kids giving an impression of sound food before beginning the day and leaving for school. The age range to which Kelloggs take into account in Kids class is between 4 years to 10 years (Brand Republic, 2002). Wellbeing Conscious People Kelloggs has consistently kept up a picture of sound and nutritious food producers in the market and in this manner its objective market likewise fuses individuals who are wellbeing cognizant and need to keep up their weight and shape. To guarantee that such picture is kept up in the market, Kelloggs began demonstrating its fixings and dietary benefits on their items bundling. Kelloggs Positioning Strategy Kelloggs has situated itself distinctively in various nations all through the world. In the spots where Kelloggs has a solid piece of the overall industry or has been working for quite a while has situated itself a costly sound food, such system is followed in places like United States and United Kingdom. In places like India or Taiwan, where Kelloggs is another brand and is in the phase of drawing in clients, it has propelled itself on generally lower costs however has kept up the nature of item at a similar standard (New York Times, 1994). Kelloggs Marketing Strategy Kelloggs is following at present many advertising and limited time methodologies, a portion of these special procedures are talked about beneath Free in the Box Kelloggs Free in the case offer incorporates coupons of $3 to $5 connected on the checked boxes of items. Web Kelloggs has numerous web crusades as of now which incorporates a round of dashing vehicles presented for kids in which there is the existence line of Kelloggs and getting Kelloggs boxes expands the purposes of the player. Another web put together limited time strategy is that with respect to messing around and gathering focuses, victor gets blessing hampers from Kelloggs including Kelloggs items to draw in the children towards itself. Film Tickets Another offer substantial in Kelloggs items is simply to fill the structure accessible at the rear of the items, mail it to the given P.O Box no and get free film tickets. Kelloggs has the biggest offer in the market, but since of the low boundaries to enter, Kelloggs may confront a few difficulties holding such offer so Kelloggs is left with the choice of focussing on the (fourth) P of Marketing Mix. Suggestions There is consistently an opportunity to get better and suggestions in the activities of a business, in this manner a portion of the proposals which Kelloggs can follow and which may acquire some great change their effectiveness and results are talked about underneath. Kelloggs cost has been expanding because of increment in utility rates; to chop down its cost it can move its creation plant to nation with low work cost like china. Kelloggs can possibly catch new markets which are un-abused still by different contenders too. This will assist it with increasing its piece of the overall industry too share in the capital. Kelloggs has had the option to hold its dedicated clients in view of its effective vital arranging yet Kelloggs should design its showcasing plan so that their faithful clients ought to recommend the brand to others as well, this needs some examination in the advertising office. Kelloggs has been there in the market for more than hundred years yet at the same time it should begin a crusade of informal exchange through some strategic promoting move, as it is demonstrated by explores that verbal expands deals. Kelloggs items have arrived at their development level and needs an overhauling and changes, the market despite everything is high and requests for grains and prepared to eat food stuff thusly Kelloggs can exploit the reality and just by changing the bundling or including new flavors it can build its piece of the pie and move its items chart towards creating stage once more. As a result of low boundaries to enter, new participants are entering and presenting rivalry to Kelloggs. Kelloggs should assume control over the couple of little organizations managing in a similar market. As Kelloggs focuses towards youngsters through its items, it ought to arrange such occasions where the characters supporting the Kelloggs items in commercials can play and direct some pleasant exercises among kids and their moms. Kelloggs should target schools also, through in-school promoting, youngsters adjust more and put a focus on their folks to utilize a similar item

The Effects of Stem Cell Research essays

The Effects of Stem Cell Research articles Undeveloped cell research will greatly affect the economy and the science world. While portraying what undeveloped cells are it very well may be very hard to clarify, so I have cited The National Institutes of Heath: ?Immature microorganisms are cells that can separate for uncertain periods in culture and to offer ascent to particular cells. They are best portrayed with regards to ordinary human turn of events. Human advancement starts when a sperm treats an egg and makes a solitary cell that can possibly shape a whole living being.? (NIH net). Undifferentiated cell look into has many promising viewpoints to it. In this paper, I will clarify the conservative parts of immature microorganism look into and the logical parts of undifferentiated cell examine. One of the perspectives that undifferentiated cell research could guarantee is restoring a wide range of life-treating sicknesses. These infections are the primary driver of passings in the United States. In the event that these infection were annihilated the economy would invigorate significantly. It is evaluated that by restoring malignant growth and taking out the passings cause by disease would produce an affordable worth 47 trillion dollars (Klatz net). Being that malignant growth is one of the main sources of death in America, a remedy for disease would spare numerous lives. On the off chance that these lives were spared, at that point they would at present be returning cash to the economy. In this manner invigorating the economy and making more cash in the nation (Kluger net). Coronary illness is another driving reason for death in America. In the event that coronary illness was restored it is evaluated that it would have an efficient estimation of 48 trillion dollars. Lessening the passing rate from coronary illness by 20% would be worth around 10 trillion dollars to Americans. That would be worth over 1 year's U.S. total national output (Klatz net). By creating undifferentiated cells researchers can supplant harmed tissues, for example, spinal harms, different sicknesses, and harms cause via fender bender casualties. Helpful cloning is utilized ... <!

Placebos: Can a Sugar Pill Cure? :: Biology Essays Research Papers

Fake treatments: Can a Sugar Pill Cure? Fake treatment: the word is Latin for I will please. Originally it began the Vespers for the dead, frequently sung by employed grievers, and in the long run to sing fake treatments came to intend to compliment or mollify (1). Afterward, the term was utilized for any sort of quack medication. Today, it is a medication that has no an incentive in itself, yet improves a patient's condition on the grounds that the patient trusts it to be intense. Confidence in a gulped sugar pill or saline infusion has been appeared to deliver genuine responses. 80% of patients given sugar water and told it is an emetic react by regurgitating (1). Individuals regularly demonstrate an unfavorably susceptible reaction to something they accept they are sensitive to, regardless of whether it is just plastic blossoms. Does this solid response remain constant for progressively genuine ailments, at that point? There are three clarifications with respect to why fake treatments may work. The first, called the opoid model, says that the positive reaction is an aftereffect of endorphins discharged in light of gulping a pill, and so on. The second is the molding model, which holds that the significant factor isn't the medication, however contact with a clinical expert. Since patients are accustomed to improving after they go into a specialist's office and converse with somebody in a white coat, they are mentally adapted to show signs of improvement after contact with the clinical condition. The latter is the anticipation model, in which patients improve on the grounds that they anticipate that the fake treatment should have a specific impact. There are much more contentions, however, with regards to how the misleading impact has been misrepresented or manufactured. A few investigations incorporate extra treatment alongside the prescription, sosimply being in an examination may create results (1). A few examinations on fake treatments frequently show comparable paces of accomplishment for a medication and a fake treatment, however do exclude a control where no treatment is utilized. In such examinations, it is difficult to determine what improvement was in reality because of the fake treatment and what might have happened in any case (3). Patients may likewise will in general report improvement since they think this is what is normal. This is particularly evident with inadequately structured reaction structures with a larger number of alternatives for development than declining. Numerous diseases, similar to colds, improve without anyone else given time. Others, similar to wretchedness and constant agony, vary. Along these lines improvement in these kinds of sickness may well have occurred with no medication or fake treatment.

Julius Caesar: The Peoples Dictator Essay example -- Ancient Rome, Th

Julius Caesar has consistently been a significant, notable figure ever. His name despite everything lives on, 2,000 years after his passing. Indeed, even the expressions Kaiser and Tsar are interpretations of Caesar. right up 'til today, the name Caesar invokes pictures of old Rome, connivances, interest, and murder. Because of William Shakespeare, the vast majority realize that he was double-crossed and murdered by his companions. In any case, what made Caesar so interesting that Shakespeare would decide to expound on Caesar more than fifteen hundred years after his demise? For what reason do we recall Caesar? He was an incredible military pioneer, and an ace legislator. He was killed. In any case, there have been others in history like Caesar, yet we don't recall their names. We recollect Caesar on the grounds that the basic Romans loved him. Caesar had the option to feel for them, and they adored him, even to the point of hoisting him to the status of a divine being. It is a direc t result of the individuals that he drove that we recollect Caesar's name. Gaius Julius Caesar was conceived in 100 B.C. to Aurelia and Julius Caesar, in the area of Subura, only a short good ways from the core of Rome. In spite of the fact that the Caesars were patrician respectability, a great part of the family's cash had run out when that Caesar was conceived. It was therefore that Aurelia and Julius lived in the less prosperous Subura region. Since he was brought up here, the youthful Caesar had an interesting point of view. He was A patrician relative of rulers who knew personally the lives and distresses of normal Romans (Freeman 19). Along these lines, when he turned into a grown-up, he had the option to relate to the less-wealthy plebeian class superior to most Romans in governmental issues at that point. Similarly as with most Roman families, the senior Caesar was regularly away from ... ...ed? Valid, he was an incredible military pioneer, and an extraordinary pioneer of men. However that is just a piece of why he has been recollected. There have been other incredible pioneers that have not been as recalled from the beginning of time as Caesar has. We recall him on the grounds that the individuals whom he administered deified him since forever. The average people of Rome revered Caesar, and they ensured that his name would persevere. Works Cited Canfora, Luciano. Julius Caesar: The Life and times of the People's Dictator. Trans. Marian Hill and Kevin Windle. Berkeley: University of California, 2007. Print. Freeman, Philip. Julius Caesar. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2008. Print. Goldsworthy, Adrian. Caesar. New Haven: Yale UP, 2006. Print. Suetonius. The Twelve Caesars: The Lives of the Roman Emperors. Trans. John Carew Rolfe. St. Petersburg, FL: Red and Black Pub., 2008. Print.

Critical Evaluation of International Essay

An audit of writing on worldwide HRM uncovers three distinct methodologies (Dowling et al. , 1999, p. 2): Comparative, Cross-social and global. Right off the bat, as per Adler (1997), the early ways to deal with inquiring about worldwide HRM concentrated on culturally diverse contrasts and assessment of human conduct from a global point of view. Positively, inquire about on culturally diverse hierarchical conduct has become a conductor for the comprehension of the elements of multicultural local and worldwide working environments inside the approach of globalization. There are various degrees of examination inside cross-national HRM, national elements, unexpected elements and hierarchical level. Cross-national HRM scientists guarantee that it is at the degrees of national components and contigent factors that they can make valuable commitments through the assessment of the effects of such determinants of HRM approaches and practices (Boxall, 1995; Brewster et al, 1996). In any case, different scientists (Budhwar and Sparrow, 1997; Jackson and Schuler, 1995) contend that national elements and unforeseen factors are insufficient in themselves to give a comprehension of the setting explicit nature of HRM rehearses. It is significant in this way, to think about investigation of the effect of authoritative level procedures (Budhwar and Sparrow, 1997). Furthermore, the near methodology centers around likenesses and contrasts in HRM rehearses inside a worldwide setting. Certainly, Budhwar and Sparrow (2002) note that the expansion in globalization of business exchanges, the development of new markets, for example, the BRIC nations (Brazil, Russia, India and China) just as hyper rivalry among associations at similarly the residential and worldwide level have been related with an expanded importance and requirement for near human asset the executives (HRM) contemplates. Therefore, there has been a developing number of studies tending to the design of HRM in various national settings (Budhwar and Sparrow, 2002). As indicated by Rechie, Lee and Quintanilla (2009) one of the most critical job of near HRM examine is to give supervisors, basically those working in global firms, with explicit rules concerning how to structure and actualize a successful HRM framework thinking about social contrasts particularly when their business activity goes into various social settings for instance western multinationals trying to work together in China. This thought of being receptive to the unique situation and normalization of HRM approaches and practices has produced disputable yet in any case basic subjects of conversation in relative HRM, for example, the discussion on limitation versus normalization, and the way toward moving HRM strategies and practices across countries (Rechie et al, 2009). The thirdly, global methodology, will in general spotlight on HRM rehearses in worldwide associations. The HRM surviving writing uncovers that there are two particular ways of thinking as respects ways to deal with overseeing individuals inside MNCs: (I) intermingling and (ii) uniqueness. As per Brewster et al. , (2007), the assembly approach is said to be one of the most predominant strands in universal administration investigate. From one perspective, the combination approach has three fundamental presumptions: right off the bat, a definitive point in all associations is to improve execution through superior work frameworks (Brewster, 2001). Also, the all inclusive point of execution improvement can be accomplished by utilizing sound and successful administration ways of thinking that remain constant in spite of contrasts among national situations (Girgin, 2005). Thirdly, defenders of the combination approach contend that if neighborhood rehearses are not quite the same as these standards, they are required to be supplanted with ‘the one best way’, meeting mostly on the American model as the main mechanical economy (Dowling et al. , 1999). As indicated by Girgin (2005) the idea of intermingling towards the one most ideal way practice has been energized or potentially bolstered by the powers of globalization, which has prompted the opening of world markets, deregulation, provincial combination and upgrades in correspondence advancements. In spite of the fact that HRM as a field of training was created in America, the standards and practices intended for America may not hold for different pieces of the world. Barlett and Ghoshal (1989), state that, the principle proposal of the globalization contention is that nationality factors in the activity of national frameworks and of organizations are not, at this point persuasive or significant as universal organizations become ‘trans-national’ which join to another ‘best model’. Truly, the IHRM writing shows that on the grounds that worldwide organizations are installed in their home institutional situations, they may endeavor to move ‘home’ practices to their outside activities in various social conditions (Edwards et al. , 1999). Be that as it may, the investigation of HRM rehearses in Europe (see Brewster et al 2007) propose that national contrasts are huge in the assurance of HRM rehearses. Then again, the dissimilarity approach or logical worldview scans for relevantly extraordinary practices and ways to deal with the executives, it doesn't look for proof of similitudes (Brewster, 2001). Inside the IHRM writing, the point of convergence of the disparity viewpoint is the divergence of strategies and applications across various national and provincial settings and attempts to comprehend the particularities of the setting so as to decipher why and how such contrasts have risen in these settings (Brewster, 2005). Inside the uniqueness way of thinking, there are two particular ways to deal with overseeing HR in worldwide associations: (I) the culturalist and (ii) the institutionalist viewpoints. In light of on Hofstede’s (1980) esteem based social measurements and ideas of national culture which have made an endeavor to clarify the impact of culture upon Multinationals’ conduct, the culturalist approach has discovered boundless acknowledgment in the IHRM writing. Hofstede (1980) arrived at a resolution that culture was the primary determinant of the varieties in business related qualities, perspectives and practices among workers and chiefs inside a similar association, and of a similar calling, age, or sex. Hofstede found that there were four measurements that clarified the distinctions in business related qualities and practices: (I) Individualism and cooperation, (ii) Uncertainty shirking, (iii) Power separation and (iv) Masculinity and gentility According to Girgin (2005), the culturalist approach attempts to construct a comprehension of contrasts in work associations, administrative conduct and human asset rehearses dependent on characteristics of national social peculiarity regarding qualities, thoughts and convictions shared by individuals in a given society. Under the dissimilarity way of thinking, the institutionalist point of view is the second. The principle contention of the institutionalist point of view is that national institutional settings (for instance, government frameworks, preparing and advancement frameworks) assume a significant job in deciding structures and techniques of associations (Girgin, 2005). As indicated by Girgin (2005), the individuals who bolster the Institutionalist viewpoint stress the weights on organizations to obtain and keep up authenticity according to the earth and the way that interlocking practices can acquire benefits specific fundamental settings. This point of view introduces itself as an increasingly complete structure for the near investigation of various national frameworks (Girgin, 2005). For instance, regardless of the information because of culture on hierarchical conduct, HR professionals can't just gauge social qualities over their tasks and foresee conduct, due cognisance must be given to different institutional settings. As verified by Dewettinck and Remue (2011) certain practices are shared across or inside specific settings; some are unmistakable of specific nations; some are exceptional to specific segments or segments of an association or even people. Without question, while every one of the above methodologies hones the emphasis on certain parts of HRM, it is conceivable that exclusively concentrating on one viewpoint may unavoidably, ruin catching the positive angles from other perspectives(Mayrhofer and Brewster, 2005). Surely what gives off an impression of being increasingly huge in inquiring about worldwide HRM is the specific circumstance. As indicated by Dewettinck and Remue (2011) the thought of setting as well as spotlight on logical elements has been reflected in the culturally diverse insertion of numerous universal HRM examines (Brewster, Mayrhoferand Morley, 2004), moreover, the Globe venture which was centered around administration likewise uncovers that setting is significant (House and Javidan, 2004). For instance, an ongoing report by Hartmann et al. (2010) of western multinationals working in China shows that these associations actualize moderately unaltered HRM rehearses from their nation of origin in their Chinese auxiliaries. The investigation of Hartmann et al. , uncovers that thought of logical variables is significant in the comprehension of HRM rehearses and the administration of individuals in a universal setting. In actuality, consequences of Hartmann et al. ’s study demonstrate that, in spite of the fact that the Chinese auxiliaries of Western multinationals had the option to execute unaltered HRM practices, for example, ability the executives from their central command, the practices were not effectively disguised. This exhibits the centrality of national societies and being receptive to nearby needs in actualizing HRM rehearses. The model above really shows that setting is a significant viewpoint in looking into worldwide HRM paying little mind to the methodology taken. All in all, there is to be sure something to be gained from every one of the viewpoints. Each of the perspect

Locke’s Proof Against Innate Mathematical Knowledge - Literature Essay Samples

John Locke proves that mathematical knowledge is not innate in An Essay Concerning Human Understanding by contrasting Plato’s theory to learning through sensation and perception, thus curating the theory of empiricism. Through his arguments, Locke proves mathematical knowledge is not something that you are born with, clarifying that Plato’s universal consent proves nothing. Knowledge is not imprinted; it is learned through observation, sensations and experience. Locke assesses the situation between Socrates and the Greek boy in the Meno, and how the boy actually assented to multiple correct answers, and deduces that all knowledge is adventitious. While Plato argues all knowledge is innate, Locke disagrees and justifies empiricism. Plato displays his theory of innate knowledge through universal consent, the idea which because humanity can agree, it authorizes his theory of innateness. Locke argues this by stating that universal consent proves nothing, â€Å"if there can be any other way shown how men may come to that universal agreement, in the things they do consent in, which I presume may be done.† (Locke 1) Because people agreeing on something, doesn’t mean it was knowledge that came from their souls. Plato needed to rely on this to justify innateness, it was his only explanation to show that the boy was able to assent to correct answers without being taught. However, Locke suggested learning is a recipe, through observation, sensation, and reflection you gain knowledge. This boy in the Meno was Greek, â€Å"He is Greek, and speaks Greek, does he not?† (Plato 2). Therefore he knew the language Socrates spoke, and was able to answer questions. However, nobody is born with language. Language is learned; if Socrates were speaking to the boy in German, for example, the boy would not be able to answer the questions, and thus correct language authorizes answers. Mathematical knowledge is simple compared to a subject like language. Which is why Plato chose it rather than another subject which would be harder to prove his theory with, through asking the Greek boy simple questions, the boy was able to do simple mathematical actions such as add, and multiply. Plato took this as explanation, whereas there is better explanation as to why the boy was able to answer correctly; Plato asked leading questions. Plato asked the boy yes or no questions, where the boy hardly had to think about the question, but more about the right answer Socrates was leading him toward. There was a point where the boy answered incorrectly, which is when Socrates stopped as it began disproving his theory. Socrates man ipulated the boy into saying yes to his questions, which highlights how Plato’s theory fallacious. Locke defamiliarizes the theory of innate knowledge and spotlights Plato’s approach to justify his hypothesis was in fact, faulty and incorrect. Locke continues by using â€Å"children and idiots† (Locke 1) as examples regarding lack of innate knowledge. Locke clarifies that, if â€Å"children and idiots† have souls, innate knowledge should be there just as all of mankind, as Plato had proposed. He clarified that Plato’s claim contradicted itself: â€Å"it is evident, that all children and idiots have not the least apprehension or thought of them.† (Locke 1) Locke reminded us, if all knowledge is innate, it’s illogical for people to have variations of intelligence. Why would â€Å"children and idiots† know less than say, a mathematician or scientist? Locke would say it’s because children and idiots haven’t learned, or are incapable of learning. This justifies why some are better at certain subjects than others. â€Å"Chi ldren and idiots† might be able to complete simple mathematical questions, because they have learned how to reason. To justify this, let us look at how the Greek boy is able to answer the questions. Socrates explains a mathematical fact, â€Å"And you know that a square figure has these four lines equal?† (Plato 2) Socrates questions the boy, â€Å"Certainly† (Plato 2) is all he has to respond with to prove the argument. If Socrates had asked the boy, â€Å"What geometric shape has all equal sides?† the boy would have to think for himself, and because he was not taught mathematics, he would not have an answer and therefore Socrates would have no argument. Locke highlighted that Plato’s argument is illogical: â€Å"For to imprint anything on the mind without the mind’s perceiving it, seems to me hardly intelligible.† (Locke 3) Stating that if the mind was imprinted, it should be possible to recollect all the knowledge we have. For a person to know of something without recognizing that they have the knowledge, makes no sense. If the slave boy had mathematics imprinted in his soul, he should have been able to answer more than simple ‘yes’ or ‘no’ questions. If knowledge is innate, then the boy would be able to justify his answers. The boy wasn’t able to answer all of Socrates questions, â€Å"Indeed, Socrates, I do not know† (Plato 5) because he had not been taught mathematics. Any child could stand in front of Socrates and agree with him, but that doesn’t prove innateness. The child did not recollect the knowledge, if it were recollection then all humans could learn thr ough being asked provoking and leading questions like Socrates tried to do with the boy. We know that is not how we learn, rather we learn through examples, explanations, and reasoning. Therefore Locke has disproven Plato’s theory of innate knowledge by demonstrating how Plato manipulated the situation, rather than truthfully proving his theory. Plato may argue against Locke by stating that you cannot recall your past lives, which is why you must experience life to recollect information. Plato believed that all knowledge was innate; you could argue that if that was the truth, shouldn’t all mankind have only that theory of knowledge imprinted on their soul? If the soul carried all truths, there could only be one answer to human knowledge, but since there are many, we can deduce that we experience different sensations that lead us to our individual hypothesis. If all information was innate, why do mathematical and scientific discoveries happen? Discoveries occur when there is a new realization of understanding a certain subject, it is clear that if knowledge were imprinted on the soul, these would not happen. We would have had a heliocentric solar system since the beginning of time, knew the earth spherical, and understood medical procedures; if knowledge was innate. It’s obvious that we’ve had these disco veries because of learning, through sensation and perception we understand the world. Plato also may attempt to contradict Locke’s argument by saying that â€Å"children and idiots† have not experienced the right sensations to lead them to discovery of knowledge that others have. Locke might then argue that innate knowledge is not present in anybody whether â€Å"child†, â€Å"idiot†, or average person. Sensations begin from birth and throughout life we learn. We learn through examples, explanations, and reasoning. Locke could succeed in proving his theory against any counterclaims, making his argument sound against mathematical knowledge being innate. Locke has a large array of arguments to justify empiricism; on the basis of his ideas, it is evident that we gain knowledge through experience, and that mathematical knowledge is not something innate. His arguments disprove Plato’s theory, showing that through sensation and perception, we learn. Through Locke’s arguments he was able to successfully prove that mathematical knowledge is not innate. Locke thus disproves universal consent. He also argues that innate knowledge is not evident in â€Å"children and idiots†, and he further clarifies his theory by explicitly explaining how we learn through observation, sensation and reflection. Locke successfully corroborates his theory of empiricism, as well as disproving Plato’s theory of innate knowledge in the immortal soul.