Reflection on Valuable Lessons and Important Aspects of Leadership Essay

Reflection on Valuable Lessons and Important Aspects of Leadership - Essay Example A talent gap is being created between the current, very talented leaders, and the next generation, which is not showing a breed of promising potential leaders emerging. It is a cause of worry since organizations must have continuity in good leadership to be able to maintain its productivity. An organization is safer when it adopts risk prevention measures, and equips current and future leaders with skills necessary to cope with any organizational changes. There are both formal and informal leaders. They all influence an organization towards achieving its goals effectively. Organizational success goes beyond an individual leader's will to achieve and the organization's chain of command. Most importantly, it is how all leaders relate together towards the achievement of set goals. This is termed as collective leadership as William (2011) observes. In addition, James and Barry (2001) suggest that several things should be considered. They include the number of leaders needed currently and expected in the future by an organization. This enables an organization base its leadership strategies on the expected turnover of employees in the organization. Leadership culture entails how leadership is practiced for example employee relations, discharge of duties and working together for a common purpose. The culture ensures that all factors affecting growth and performance of the enterprise are pooled together towards the same set targets. Demand and supply forecasting are crucial in ensuring the number of leaders employed is specific to the present and future expected needs Another factor to consider is the quality of leaders desired. Every organization must aim at employing high-quality leaders for a competitive organization. Phillip (2010) sees a leader as a person who owns and takes responsibility for every action an organization takes and feels any loss incurred as his own. For organizational success, there must be leaders who are goal oriented and put all their effort a nd hard work to ensuring achievement of goals and organization’s success. To be able to meet the above, leaders need to be critical thinkers and good planners of the future so that every strategy implemented by the organization moves it to achieve the intended purpose. Diversity in the level of leadership and reaching organization's target is the sole purpose of an organization’s existence. This is because it meets needs of different people, cultures and regions as Michael (2011) analyze. In addressing different needs, management has to ensure that the leadership strategy adopted, lists characteristics of individual leaders required. They include age, gender, race, origin/culture, education and working experience. In fact, achievement and motivation of leaders are influenced by pay and financial security. A good leader has good problem-solving skills. He is a person that understands how to relate and be mindful of employees. This comes in handy when solving problems ar ising and during decision-making. When choosing a leader, he/she should have the ability to improve communication and relationships between workers and management for unity towards achieving set goals. In essence, having a good leadership strategy is advantageous to an organization.

Psychiatric Disorders, Diseases, and Drugs Essay Example for Free

Psychiatric Disorders, Diseases, and Drugs Essay In the time span of only one year, roughly seven percent of Americans suffer from some form of a mood disorder (Mood Disorders, n. d. ). The typical person is able to experience moods on all levels but those that suffer from mood disorders get â€Å"stuck† into a certain mood (Mood Disorders, n. d. ). There are different mood disorders and each one can have differing levels of how much one suffers from it. Anxiety disorders are when anxiety is the predominant feature or the avoidance of the anxiety causes abnormal behavior (Morris, 2010). Anxiety disorders are the most common mental disorder. There are many categories, or subdivisions, of anxiety disorders including specific phobias and panic disorders (Morris, 2010). Schizophrenic disorders are very serious disorders in which the individual experiences a disturbance in thoughts, emotions, communications, and can also experience hallucinations and delusions (Morris, 2010). Bulimia nervosa and tourettes syndrome are also psychological disorders that can be helped through medication. Bipolar disorder is a mood disorder in which the individual is experiencing bouts of both mania and depression in an alternating cycle (Morris, 2010). There can be bursts of normal feelings interspersed between these bouts of mania and depression. Studies have shown that bipolar disorder affects both men and women equally unlike depression which favors the women. Studies have also shown that bipolar disorder is not as common as depression (Morris, 2010). While depression and mania on their own can be linked to outside factors, bipolar disorder is certain to be a biological disturbance, usually genetic, and therefore medication is most likely needed to treat it (Morris, 2010). To treat this form of depression there are four classes of medication that can help (Pinel, 2009). Monoamine oxidase inhibitors, such as Iproniazid, increase the levels of monoamines in the body, alleviating the mood of the patient (Pinel, 2009). The problem with medications such as these is that there are many side effects and some can be quite serious. The most serious being the deactivation of tyramine in the body which can lead to surges in blood pressure which, in turn, cause a stroke in the patient (MAOI’s: Side Effects, n. d. ). Tricyclic antidepressants are another medication route that those suffering from bipolar disorder can take. These medications are much safer than monoamine oxidase inhibitors (Pinel, 2009). Tricyclic antidepressants may, in the beginning of taking the medication, cause the individual to have problems with sleeping, to feel tired more than usual, and can cause nausea (United States National Library of Medicine, 2012). Up until recently, the medication of choice to help those with bipolar disorder was lithium (Pinel, 2009). Lithium is not an antidepressant but rather a mood stabilizer that aids in the transition between mania and depression (Pinel, 2009). Unfortunately there are many side effects that can come from taking lithium which can include loss of appetite, indigestion, swollen lips, hair loss, stomach pain, joint and muscle pain, and many other minor side effects (United States National Library of Medicine, 2012). There are also many serious side effects that may occur. Loss of coordination, seizures, slurred speech, blackouts, hallucinations, and crossed eyes are only some of the more serious side effects that may occur when using lithium (United States National Library of Medicine, 2012). Selective monoamine-reuptake inhibitors are a fourth type of medication that those who suffer from bipolar disorder may use. These types of medication aid in raising serotonin levels in the body. Side effects from these types of drugs include nausea, tremors, drowsiness, dizziness, sexual side effects, and, in rare cases, cardiovascular problems may arise (Ferguson, 2001). Panic disorder is a branch out of anxiety disorder and those who suffer from it have recurring panic attacks where they experience sudden and unreasonable extreme fears or terrors (Morris, 2010). When having a panic attack the individual may experience chest pains, sweating, fainting or dizziness, difficulty breathing and swallowing, feelings of something horrible about to happen or of losing control, and can even fear that they are dying (Morris, 2010). Medications that can be used to help those suffering from panic disorders include benzodiazepines, serotonin agonists, and antidepressant drugs (Pinel, 2009). Benzodiazepines help by relaxing the individual but do carry side effects like tremors, nausea, sedation, problems in motor activity (Pinel, 2009). Serotonin agonists are not fully understood how they help but it is known that anti-anxiety feelings without causing a rebound anxiety episode (Pinel, 2009). Common side effects of this drug include nausea, insomnia, headaches, and dizziness (Pinel, 2009). Antidepressants, as described earlier, can also help with panic disorders and carry the same side effects in the individual as when taken for depressive disorders. Schizophrenic disorders are very serious disorders in which the individual experiences a disturbance in thoughts, emotions, communications, and can also experience hallucinations and delusions (Morris, 2010). Disorganized schizophrenia is when an individual shows signs of often bizarre and childlike behaviors (Morris, 2010). The cause of this disorder is still unknown but it is known that it typically begins before the age of twenty-five (Schizophrenia-Disorganized Type, 2010). There are many symptoms of this disorder and they include difficulty feeling pleasure, speech that does not make any sense, any motivation, delusional beliefs, hallucinations, committing strange and sometimes silly behavior, and inappropriate or bizarre emotional responses (â€Å"Schizophrenia-Disorganized Type, 2010). Treatment is limited but when experiencing an episode of disorganized schizophrenia it is imperative that the individual is hospitalized for the safety of his or herself and the safety of others. Treatment can consist of antipsychotic medications, clozapine medication, and support groups or programs (United States National Library of Medicine, 2012). Those who suffer this disorder suffer from it for life. Bulimia nervosa is when an individual will binge eat and then force themselves to rid of the intake by forcing themselves to vomit. While there is no specific known cause of bulimia nervosa there are some theories of what may cause this disorder in an individual including culture, families, life changes, stress, personality, and even biological factors. To treat bulimia nervosa there has been only one drug approved by the Unites States Food and Drug Administration and that is the use of some antidepressants as this has shown to aid in reducing binging and purging as well as aid in improving eating habits (Bulimia Nervosa Fact Sheets, 2009). Tourette’s syndrome is a fairly common disorder that has the individual suffering from it having uncontrollable tics such as blinking, coughing, and, on rare occasions, blurting out inappropriate words (Pinel, 2009). There is no known cause for this syndrome and, while it usually forms in childhood, many individuals will outgrow it over time (United States National Library of Medicine, 2012). Treatment can include antipsychotics which can help in reducing the tics. However, side effects of this include developing tardive dyskinesia, a movement disorder that affects the lower part of the face (Treatment, 2011). While there are thousands of individuals that suffer some sort of psychological disorders all over the world, there is help out there for those in need. While most medication carries some side effects it is up to both the individual and the prescribing doctor to determine if the benefits of using the medication outweigh the side effects that might occur.

Renaisance Art Essay -- essays research papers

I have a real love for Renaissance art. The reason I chose this topic is because I took a class on art a freshman, and really enjoyed it. The book I read was ‘The Art of the Renaissance.’ After the fall of the Western Roman Empire in about the 5th century A.D., Europe remained poor and in poverty until the 11th century. By then, Europe began to grow and flourish. While surrounding countries of Italy, such as France, Spain, and England were powerful centralized nations, Italy was still full of city-sized states.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Italy was now the center of trade and manufacturing. Noble courts and wealthy people criticized artists and scholars as they saw them as non-equals. Most Italian artists and sculptors modeled what the ancient Romans did in the way of art, and literature.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Florence was the place where art had a ‘rebirth’, following the masterpieces of Giotto in the 13th century. In the 15th century, a man by the name of Filippo Brunelleschi had turned his idea of art into architecture. New buildings and Cathedrals were being built in Florence, and Brunelleschi’s amazing sense of contrast of light, classical proportions, and spatial effects made him one of the best.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Later in the 1400’s there was a painter by the name of Masaccio. This amazing artist had a special was of creating 3 dimensions in all of his paintings. As time went on, more talented artists, architects, and sculptors had found thems...

Purpose of Oral Hygiene in Conjunction with Chlorhexidine :: Nursing

Purpose of Oral Hygiene in Conjunction with Chlorhexidine Evidence- Based Practice Proposal The basis for the proposal is ventilator-associated pneumonia’s (VAP) occurrence can potentially be controlled by cautious consideration to the process of oral hygiene, where routine oral hygiene versus oral hygiene in conjunction with chlorhexidine (CHX) are examined to make sure the ideal outcomes for these patients occur. Background A ventilator- associated pneumonia (VAP) is a critical contamination preventable by a multitude of prevention strategies aimed at the care process. Pneumonia is an infectious disease of the organs of the lungs, with the ventilator as a device that facilitates patient respirations by providing oxygen through a tube. The tube can be located in a patient’s mouth, nose, or through a hole in the front of the neck, with the tube attached to the ventilator. Therefore, a VAP is pulmonary pathogenic infectivity that cultivates in a ventilator patient (CDC, 2010). Problem Statement A multitude of risk factors for VAP have been recognized with one of the risk factors as the colonization of the oral cavity by probable pathogens. After 2 days of entering the intensive care unit (ICU), seriously ill patient’s oral flora changes to mainly gram-negative inhabitants including more powerful organisms. Dental plaque offers an environment for microbes at fault for VAP, and probable pulmonary pathogens can colonize this plaque specifically of patients in the ICU (Munro et al., 2009). For the most part, there exist 2 approaches of intervention to eradicate the microbes on the dental plaque in critically ill patients: mechanical intervention and direct pharmacological. Even though mechanical elimination may be a successful approach for removal of oral pathogens, oral hygiene is deemed standard nursing care, often uncared for in critically ill patients or is performed by rapidly swabbing the patient’s oral cavity (Pedreira et al., 2009). Significance of Problem VAP is preventable with oral hygiene as one of the multitude of vital prevention strategies for VAP. VAP is significant because 15 % of all infectivity borne at the hospital and nearly 1/3 of all infectivity obtained in the ICU is VAP. Institutional fatality of VAP in ventilated patients is 46% measured up to 32% for ventilated patients who do not contract VAP. VAP extends ICU and hospital stay, totaling an extra $40,000 to the admission. VAP is the principal source of mortality of hospital associated infections (Pyrek, 2010). Target Population, Target Setting, Clinical Question, Objective The target population is the dependent adult oral care ventilator population susceptible to VAP.

Delivering Business Value with IT at Hefty Hardware Essay

Introduction Hefty Hardware’s perspective is to exhibit a business procedure known as savvy store confronting tests. This has shown crashing viewpoints between IT specialists and organization of Hefty Hardware’s business functioning. Eventually undertaking the task has been an immense test. This is what the research attempt involves. This paper shows a peek view of the relationship between IT and Hefty Hardware’s business. According to my understanding, the relationship between Hefty Hardware and IT are granulating ceaselessly weakest point. They do not appear as if they exist together. Rather, they exist as two different cases. Business and IT targets are not intentionally balanced despite of the selective principles towards IT effect more on business. Breaking down the situations, it appears to be lack of energetic participation of IT conflict in the framework change of Savvy Store program. Shortcomings of Business and IT There are many identified and unidentified issues under control that IT and business sectors at Hefty Hardware need to be resolved. Initially, staff in IT office seems to have nonappearance of adapting on how the affiliation functions are going on. The scope that the other IT selection goes, the establishment of IT framework in the affiliation simply pivots around making efficient and genuine IT structure to give a successful stage to business performance. The usual accord in the affiliation is that IT doesn’t assist clearly to business goals and simply go about as support for business framework planning. Consistent change of activity and may be the character and community of the division’s backdrop could be the establishment of the explanation behind the issue that realized the stagnant IT framework. To resolve these issues, a team work should be established between IT and business to ensure a strong relationship for both to represent their excellence. Identifying an issue under these circumstances is typically very hard due to no proper communication between both departments. CITATION Luc13 l 1033 (Lucasdebartolo, 2013) To assemble a granted adapting between both players, IT people need to reasonably decipher specific tongues into reasonable business execution and terms by discarding dialect however much as could sensibly be normal. IT experts need to be talented in all activities on deck, remembering the finished objective of effectively relate the IT exercises to the arrangement of activity. For example, IT workers should be capable and undertaken in couple of business sessions for better presentation. A workforce with force can have extra ordinary effect and need to determine the crash between both gatherings in a positive way. In this effort Jeeny plays a part and Farzad to chip in deal for a successful raise. By sharpening the clarity and skillful, trust between the IT and business chiefs may be developed and essentially fast victory. Through execution of these composed game plan, maintained by full support by managerial level, it is more likely for the Savvy Store movement to be productive. CITATION Luc13 l 1033 (Lucasdebartolo, 2013)Effectiveness of IT/Business Partnership Business and IT won’t work effectively. Jenny Hendreson undoubtedly has an understanding of the needs of business and how IT limits and have the ability to help vanquish any block between these two work places. After a detailed research it clarifies that Farzad Mohammed identifies there are insufficiencies similarly and has all the assets of being keen to work to modify and improve the relationship among two associations. It appears to me that the current organization design may be at flaw for a authoritative partition of the shortcomings, it influence be fine to bring specific experts into social affairs with the business side of the affiliation, yet in case their manager is not prepared to keep up a worthy course for the dialog, and depict to the IT staff why examining advancement in innovations or security, is a pointless activity to get together there is clearly a different. Additionally, the information regarding CIOS changing with some measure of ordinariness exhibits that a feasible CIO has not been put set up, it has all the earmarks of being as they are all things considered exorbitantly particular and not able to see the timberland through the tress the degree that taking apart with the business. Though the structure  themself is a limitation of IT, the way that persons who are both IT and commercial cunning have not remained put into executive positions is a decreasing level of the business adjacent of association. CITATION Luc13 l 1033 (Lucasdebartolo, 2013)Recommended plan for Savvy Store program How effective is the collaboration between business and IT at Hefty Hardware? Determine the deficiency of both business and IT. There are communication concerns between business and IT sectors. The relationship confidential the whole association does not work adequately, Hefty does not arise up with a composite way that initiatives both IT and commercial organization, hereafter ignoring to proposal a solid IT methodology. The limitations of IT, as Cheryl and Glen said that IT individuals don’t completely see certain of their important business meets potentials, those IT persons can’t transmit the business necessities with their specific work, putting sideways a couple of minutes to permit on any sort of development to the field, here and there level can’t meet objective of business plans. Appreciation to the insufficiencies of the business office, lack of consistency and facilitated exertion with IT people, they can’t proceed on their concise specific necessities to the IT sector. Rather, in the same way Glen and Paul consequently throb for IT people to satisfy couple valuable livelihoods, which are not their responsibilities. CITATION Cha12 l 1033 (Chaosfree, 2012)Plan for how device business and IT can work to deliver Savvy Store program. Initially, engage IT individuals, not all top specialists on the other hand, go to the field trip. Consequently, not impartial they could rise the definite business requirements, also would have the ability to existing and entire arrangement of store process, which would be a fundamental part of Savvy store databaseCITATION Cha12 l 1033 (Chaosfree, 2012). Secondly, Jenny the IT account executive, should go about as backing between business and IT offices, make an effort to modify IT establishments and business framework to w ork them effectively and skilled. The VP, CIO and COO must have a conference to measure the specific strategy to supersede individuals. Reference: Chaosfree. (2012). Delivering business value with IT at Hefty Hardware. http://www.studymode.com/essays/Delivering-Business-Value-With-It-At-1091873. html. Retrieved from http://www.studymode.com/essays/Delivering-Business-Value-With-It-At-1091873.htmlLucasdebartolo. (2013). Delivering business value with it at Hefty Hardware. Cognizant. (2013) Maximizing Business Value Through Effective IT Governance Retrieved from cognizant: http://www.cognizant.com/InsightsWhitepapers/Maximizing-Business-Value-Through-Effective-IT-Governance.pdf

THE NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF FACEBOOK ON TEENAGERS Essay Example

THE NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF FACEBOOK ON TEENAGERS Essay Example THE NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF FACEBOOK ON TEENAGERS Essay THE NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF FACEBOOK ON TEENAGERS Essay THE NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF FACEBOOK ON TEENAGERS Advances in technology enhance our lives in healthy, positive ways. These days, shopping, education, communication and entertainment are only a few clicks away. Social networking, especially Facebook- the most popular social network site currently, enriches our lives by helping us to connect and share with colleagues, clients, family and friends in ways that wouldnt otherwise be possible. Spending too much time on this site, however, can have negative impacts, especially in the lives of eens. Everyone from the young to the old is using Facebook as an efficient way of communicating and finding old friends. Apart from Facebook being a new and interesting way to interact with friends and family, there is a lot more things to do while logging on to the site. Users could play games, use other fun applications such as horoscopes, love tallies and typing challenges, find new friends and hunt crushes. For all its ease and intent of providing a means of keeping people connected, ntertaining user, Facebook could not have imaged that its conception would emerge one of the biggest worldwide phenomenons that has ever seen. There is a lot to be said in support of this, but there are some sad truths involved too. According to the American Psychological Association, too much Facebook time can negatively impact teens mental health. Excessive use of Facebook has been associated with greater narcissism in teens, as well as other psychological disorders such as mania. In addition, too much time spent on Facebook can cause anxiety and depression in eens. Excessive Facebook time can also increase a teens likelihood of experiencing cyberbullying, which can lead to depression, anxiety and even suicide. There is also a very high chance that excessive use of Facebook leads to the users becoming obese as they would be sitting most of the time in front of the computer, eating snacks and without any physical activities. Poor academic performance is another problem associated with too much Facebook time, according to the American Psychological Association. A recent study referenced by the association showed that students in all grade levels who checked their Facebook accounts at least once during a 15-minute study period exhibited lower academic grades than those who did not check their Facebook accounts over the same period of time. Researchers believe this is due to distractions caused by constant Facebook use. Obviously, Facebook has become the biggest distraction for students when trying to get homework done. Paul Kirschner, author and professor at the Center for Learning Sciences and Technologies at the Open University of the Netherlands said that The problem is that most people have Facebook or other social networking sites, their e-mails and maybe instant messaging constantly running in the background while they are carrying other tasks. Overall teenage behavior is also negatively impacted by too much time spent on Facebook. According to Larry D. Rosen, Ph. D. , Professor of Psychology at California State University, too much Facebook time is associated with antisocial and aggressive behavior in teens. In addition, teens who overuse Facebook on a daily basis are more likely to engage in risky behaviors such as smoking, drug use, drinking and promiscuity. Too much Facebook time has also been correlated with poor spending habits among teens, who are often unaware of how they are targeted by advertisers while on Facebook. Facebook is a double-S blate, a smartly-used person would certainly know how to make the most of Facebooks convenience. Whether being addicted to Facebook or not depends mostly on the ability to restrict the amount of time using it

Developmental Psychology Child abuse Essay Example

Developmental Psychology Child abuse Essay Example Developmental Psychology Child abuse Essay Developmental Psychology Child abuse Essay Child maltreatment is an maltreatment of power over a kid by an grownup or another kid which disadvantages the kid and to which the kid can non give informed consent. It can happen in the signifier of physical, emotional and sexual maltreatment, disregard, important injury or grave concern . ( Berk, L.E, 2007 ) Day in and twenty-four hours out, kids all over the universe face state of affairss like the 1s described above. Whether such experiences crush or strengthen an single kid depends, in portion, on his or her resiliency. Resilience is of import because it is the human capacity to face, overcome and be strengthened by or even transformed by the hardships of life. Everyone faces hardships ; no 1 is exempt. With resiliency, kids can prevail over injury ; without it, trauma victory. The crises kids face both within their households and in their communities can overpower them. While outside aid is indispensable in times of problem, it is deficient. Along with nutrient and shelter, kids need love and trust, hope and liberty. Along with safe oasiss, they need safe relationships that can further friendly relationships and committedness. They need the loving support and assurance, the religion in themselves and their universe, all of which builds resiliency. How parents and other health professionals respond to state of affairss, and how they help a kid to react, offprints those grownups who promote resiliency in their kids from those who destroy resiliency or direct confusing messages that both promote and inhibit resiliency. Children confronting such state of affairss frequently feel lonely, fearful, and vulnerable. These feelings are less overpowering for kids who have the accomplishments, attitudes, beliefs, and resources of resiliency. In this essay I hope to discourse in more item factors such as single features of the kid, relationships and cultural factors which help a kid survive experiences, particularly child maltreatment. From a really early age, kids s personalities and single features can be identified. Equally good as this, we can see kids s societal knowledge developing, as they begin to understand themselves, other people and how the relationships with people can alter over clip. As the kid s societal knowledge develops, the kid besides develops their self-esteem, from early childhood, right through to adolescence. It is a kid s self-esteem that can protect a kid and assist them survive experiences of kid maltreatment. For most immature people, going an adolescent brings feelings of pride and assurance. These feelings are frequently associated with positive accommodations in their lives i.e. school and equal groups. Their strong features and ways of believing during these old ages are important in footings of the effects child maltreatment can hold on them. Many factors from the outside universe can assist construct a kid s personality features and ways of thought. One factor would be the kid s p lace life ; surveies have shown that kids, who come from a loving, warm and acceptable background, where parent s outlooks of them are sensible, show high degrees of ego regard and assurance. In school, teacher s outlooks of kids can besides impact how they deal with certain jobs and state of affairss along with their self-esteem and achievement motive. During in-between school, kids begin to separate ability, attempt and external factors in ascriptions for success and failure. Children with erudite weakness attribute their success to external factors such as fortune, and failures to low ability. It is these properties that distinguishes how a kid can cover with maltreatment, intimidation and other jobs. Children who experience changeless negative feedback are pressurised to execute and make certain unachievable ends and miss support from parents, instructors etc, are likely to develop erudite weakness. Therefore, if this kid becomes the victim of kid maltreatment or intimidation, f requently they blame themselves and neglect to seek aid. Attribution retraining which helps learned incapacitated kids overcome failure is critical to assist kids prevail after negative experiences in their lives e.g. kid maltreatment. Harmonizing to the I.S.P.C.C, we must ever listen to the kid and accommodate a kid centred attack. It is every kid s right to hold a safe transition through childhood and it is every kid s right to turn in wellness and safety free from bullying, force or debasement ( I.S.P.C.C mission statement ) It is a parents duty to the kid that the above statement is implemented. In Ireland today there are many types of households, from big to little, one-child households, blended households, individual parent, homosexual and sapphic households, nevertheless it is the relationship within these households that count. All of these have assorted types of households have changing parenting manners ; nevertheless surveies have shown that important manner of parenting is optimal for kid development and assisting them cover with experiences I.e. kid maltreatment. It is within the household construction that kids foremost experience societal struggles. Children besides learn the linguistic communicat ion, accomplishments and societal and moral values to assist them in life. A good household unit and capable parenting patterns are indispensable for a kid s stableness. If a kid is being abused, it is indispensable for them to cognize that they can speak to their households without being judged, and will have the aid and support they need while furthering in each kid a sense of committedness and intent which may be diminished through maltreatment. The authorative manner of parenting is seen as optimum for kid development and developing child resiliency. Parents who use this manner of rearing are warm, lovingness, antiphonal, attentive, patient, and sensitive to the kid s demands. They make sensible demands for adulthood, and systematically enforce and explicate them. They permit the kid to do determinations in conformity with preparedness, promote the kid to show ideas, feelings and desires and when dissensions occur between the kid and parent, they engage in joint determination de vising. ( aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦.. ) The kid is good cared for and protected and hence is better equipped to get the better of negative experiences in their lives. I.e. kid maltreatment. Symptoms or mark of kid maltreatment are more likely to be identified by the parents who employ the important kid rise uping manner, symptoms such as secretiveness, fright, guilt, powerless and misgiving. The figure of grownups in a family can besides impact how a kid will cover with certain state of affairss. These two parent households are frequently more financially stable giving the kid a better quality of life than one parent households and cut downing the hazard factors a kid has to confront. Along with parenting manners and household systems, lower societal category, disadvantage and poorness are associated with hazard factors for kids. Children from such backgrounds have less support, counsel and are frequently vulnerable and exposed to maltreatment of some signifier. The counterweight to haza rd is the construct of resiliency. All of what I have mentioned so far helps beef up or weaken a kid s resiliency to get the better of experiences. I.e. kid maltreatment. The more degrees of hazard a kid is exposed to the greater their overall hazard ( Greenberg et al, 2001 ) Therefore we should maintain in head the kid centeredness attack to cut down these hazards and assist beef up a kid s resiliency. Along with single features, household and parental constructions, school is an of import factor in advancing resiliency. A warm lovingness relationship with equals and instructors in school, the being of high outlooks and the chance to take part and take duty in the school environment will profit a kid overcome negative experiences. Cultural factors can besides back up kids. The FSCEP undertaking demonstrates ways in which schools, households and communities can work together to back up kids. The edifice of trust within these communities and for the kid is indispensable. If a kid i s being abused, they will ever hold person with whom they trust and can confide in. Werner s and Smiths ( 1989 ) survey found that among the most often encountered positive function theoretical accounts in the lives of resilient kids, outside the household circle, was a favorite instructor. ( aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦ ) These instructors acted as a positive theoretical account for personal designation and gave youth the motive for desiring to win. High outlooks by instructors and schools show high rates of academic success in pupils, lower rates of behavioral jobs and pupils begin to believe in themselves, hence beef uping resiliency. Research shows that when schools are topographic points where the basic human demands for support, regard and belonging are met, motive for acquisition is fostered. Reciprocal lovingness, respectful and participatory relationships are the critical determining factors in whether pupil learns, whether parents become and remain involved in the school, whether a plan or scheme is effectual, whether an instruction is sustained, and finally, whether a young person feels he or she has a topographic point in society . ( Bernard. B, 1995 ) These schools can move as a protective shield for pupils and a beacon of visible radiation for young person from troubled places, destitute communities and those enduring the effects of chid maltreatment. Overall, as preventionists to any signifier of kid maltreatment, we must further a kid s development and aid cut down the hazard factors a kid is exposed to, to assist them last experiences such as maltreatment. As one time quoted There is no better counterpoison for resiliency in kids than their belief that the universe is a positive topographic point, and that they can carry through what they want, and derive satisfaction from life ( Bernard. B, 1995 ) Put option in mentions! ! ! ! !

The Terza Rima Style of Poetry

The Terza Rima Style of Poetry Terza rima is poetry written in three-line stanzas (or â€Å"tercets†) linked by end-rhymes patterned aba, bcb, cdc, ded, efe, etc. There is no specified number of stanzas in the form, but poems written in terza rima usually end with a single line or a couplet rhyming with the middle line of the last tercet. Dante Alighieri was the first poet to use terza rima, in his Divine Comedy, and he was followed by other Italian poets of the Renaissance, like Boccaccio and Petrarch. Thomas Wyatt and Geoffrey Chaucer brought terza rima into English poetry in the 14th century, Romantic poets including Byron and Shelley used it in the 19th century, and a number of modern poets from Robert Frost to Sylvia Plath to William Carlos Williams to Adrienne Rich have written terza rima in English- all these despite the fact that English doesn’t offer nearly as many rhyming possibilities as Italian. That is why Robert Pinsky used near-rhymes and slant rhymes in his 1994 translation of The Divine Comedy, to reproduce Dante’s terza rima in English without the sing-song effect of strict repeating rhymes. Meter is not specified in terza rima, although most English poets using the form have done so with lines in iambic pentameter. Examples: We have two poems written in standard terza rima in English in our library here at About Poetry: Ode to the West Wind by Percy Bysshe Shelley (1820)â€Å"Acquainted with the Night† by Robert Frost (1923) And we also have as  example of Alfred, Lord Tennyson’s use of a modified terza rima in which all three lines of each stanza rhyme: The Two Voices (1842) See our terza rima links to read more poems written in English using terza rima around the Web.

Personal Leadership Development Project Paper Essay

Personal Leadership Development Project Paper - Essay Example The training period, all the trainees are conduct seminar, study classes etc, for developing the quality of employees. It is a good training. Verizon wireless, my role is to design the job, job analysis, human resource planning, recruitment, selection, hiring, induction, evaluation of performance, compensation management, training and development, welfare administration, employee movements, health and safety administration, grievance handling, discipline etc. The H R training in offices getting lot of experience, these experience are helps to manage the colloquies in the organization, also helps to identify the minds and behaviour of sub-ordinates. In my carrier planned some strategies. First one is to keeping 99% attitude for work and personal matter. Attitude is 99 percent, every person’s carrier is successful, for the reason I am keeping attitude for one year for the marketing training period, and our attitude is loose at one time for losing our carrier. Another strategy is to don’t cheating others. As a manager, in my view, to achieving the goal of the organization, to motivate and trained to the subordinates to achieve the higher volume of business. Which subordinates are performing better, to give additional bonus, gifts etc,. The main role of HR manager is to functioning the effective utilization of human resource in an organization. The overall goal of the organization is to building strong brands, expanding the bus iness, and getting marketing leadership. The main goal of organization is to create a new business in new areas. The top of the organization focusing expanding the networks across the countries. The training is conducting in the branch office; communicate the sub-ordinates for the entire process of organization and the organizational goals. The aim and objectives of the company is to achieve the market leader in wireless network. It is a very good feedback from my sub-ordinates or trainees, because,

A Better Way to Future Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

A Better Way to Future - Essay Example n’t everlasting End up with a stroke of wind With shortcuts, one longs for results Wonderful, but surrounded with thorns Nullifying the achievements Making pass through hard bends Shortcuts rejects uphill struggle Wanting for more with less effort Passing by the limits of moral Crossing the edges of truth and fair Earns a person short-term success Taking away the long-term with mess Painstaking rise seems difficult at start But proves reliable with time Such way to destination is not plain It has many snags and hard grains Devotion and loyalty are key factors That bring enduring and long-term success Hurdles come while moving legal Strong will helps cross those hurdles Challenges can make a person tiring Passion helps face those challenges Things may not look easy at times Dedication makes things look supportive One may beer great pain But that pain doesn’t make aim go fade Conditions may become unfavorable at times Commitment makes the conditions fine For those having high moral Hard work brings the best reward

Building a Coalition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 56

Building a Coalition - Essay Example With regards to team formation, the HR representatives of Woodson Foundation together with the members of NCPIE and school should be able to closely examine the skills and abilities of each member before they allocate a specific role to them (Robbins and Judge 280). Basically, empowering the team members through proper delegation of role and responsibility will increase the chances wherein the team members would become motivated in working together (281). Because of cultural differences, the leaders should win the trust of each member using necessary resources and effective leadership skills (280-281). Doing so will increase the chance wherein each member would become dedicated to supporting the success of the project. With regards to team performance, leaders should make use of necessary performance evaluation tools and effective reward system (Robbins and Judge 282). In the process of recognizing or rewarding the contribution of each member, they would become highly motivated in improving their future individual work performance. Likewise, it will also help them gain Agree that schools are less focused on families. She believes that parents want to be involved in improving students’ learning. Her positive perception of the role of parents/communities can be used in encouraging parents to become active in this project. She believes that schools and the foundation have larger roles than parents and the communities. Therefore, can lead to bias judgment when designating roles and responsibilities in improving students’ outcome. Team empowerment is important in team efficacy (Robbins and Judge 292). Therefore, Dupree can work together with Hardy, Watson, and Sharpe because these people acknowledge the important role that parents should play when it comes to improving the students’ learning outcomes. Using strong communication skills, Dupree’s team can easily convince and work well with Martinez. Conflict is possible because Adams has a different opinion when it comes to the role of the school. On the other hand, Kaufman cannot get along well with the faculty members.

The Methodology of Three International University Ranking Systems Essay

The Methodology of Three International University Ranking Systems - Essay Example The three major international ranking systems that are used for this purpose are The Times Higher Education World University Rankings, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Rankings of World Universities as well as The CHE ExcellenceRanking 2010 (Gallagher, 2011). The essay will start off with a definition of the university league tables and how they work, reasons for their popularity and the substantial growth in their use over the past years. Next, it will explore various areas in relation with the league tables such as critical analysis of the three ranking systems to gauge their strengths and weaknesses, debate on the evidentiary basis of league tables to explain the criteria upon which the universities are ranked and criticism as well as the limitations to the validity of university ranking systems. Lastly, it will single out the methodology that stands out. The need for and growth of ranking systems: The world is in the process of getting preoccupied with rankings more and more every d ay. Just like scarcity, having access to the ‘finest’ as well as prestige more or less mark the purchase of almost every commodity in our daily lives, so are the customers of the tertiary sector continuously looking out for pointers that improve their capability to know and access the best in the tertiary sector (Salmi & Saroyan, 2007). Criteria for measuring the rankings: In most of the university ranking tables, the criteria used to measure the rankings is: To be distinct about what the ranking will measure. To use a variety of indicators and multiple procedures rather than a single, weighted ranking. To associate comparable programs or institutions. At the institutional level, use rankings for planned preparation and quality enhancement purposes. At the government level, use rankings to kindle a philosophy of quality. Use rankings as one of the tools available to notify and update students, families and employers and encourage public debate (Salmi & Saroyan, 2007) An alysis of the ranking systems: Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) rankings were formulated in 1998 and were more formally known as ‘The Academic Rankings of the World Universities’ (ARWU). Universities that have field medallists; highly cited researchers as well as Nobel laureates are included in the ranking. According to this criterion, ARWU is not trying to compare all the universities throughout the world; instead it is targeting the world’s top research universities only. ARWU initially picks out around 1000 universities from throughout the world, of which only 500 are later on ranked in the league tables. For all ARWU indicators, data is usually collected from third parties that include the official site of the Nobel Prize as well as numerous Thomson Reuters websites in order to access citation and publications (Rauhvargers, 2011). Moving on to ‘The Times higher Education World University Rankings’, it is apparent that, published in 2004, it w as an ‘answer’ to the Shanghai ARWU rankings. The indicated drive of ‘The World University Rankings’ is â€Å"to recognise universities as the multi-faceted organisations that they are, to provide a global comparison of their success against the notional mission of remaining or becoming world-class† (Salmi & Saroyan, 2007). This ranking separates 300 in each of the five faculty areas as well as about 600 universities and uses sources such as incorporate surveys from individual academics and researchers, employer organisations, third-party data as well as university information (Salmi & Saroyan, 2007). Lastly, The CHE Centre for Higher Education Development that designed an ‘

Death penalty for specifically identified egregious crimes Essay

Death penalty for specifically identified egregious crimes - Essay Example Retreat From the Death Penalty†, it was revealed that more criminal justice practitioners and scholars have expressed increasing opposing arguments in terms of the effectiveness of capital punishment in servicing the paramount purpose for its imposition: deterrence and retribution. As emphasized, â€Å"a distinguished committee of scholars convened by the National Research Council found that there is no useful evidence to determine if the death penalty deters serious crimes† (America’s Retreat From the Death Penalty par. 2). The result was an apparent decline in the number of executions, from a high of 98 executions in 1999 up to only 43 executions in 2012 (Facts About Death Penalty). There are still a reported number of 33 states which were noted to concur on capital punishment; and only 17 were identified as non-death penalty states (Facts About Death Penalty). At the rate that the number of executions have apparently been manifested to be on a declining trend, only confirms that the national consensus against its continued implementation has been openly relayed. One strongly believes that capital punishment is not the most effective means for crime deterrence; since it only perpetuates a system of revenge through taking the life of the perpetuator. The preservation of life has been regarded as paramount to human values and beliefs and thus, killing and taking another person’s life, to replace one that was unjustly lost, does not justify the wrong that has been done.

The Methodology of Three International University Ranking Systems Essay

The Methodology of Three International University Ranking Systems - Essay Example The three major international ranking systems that are used for this purpose are The Times Higher Education World University Rankings, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Rankings of World Universities as well as The CHE ExcellenceRanking 2010 (Gallagher, 2011). The essay will start off with a definition of the university league tables and how they work, reasons for their popularity and the substantial growth in their use over the past years. Next, it will explore various areas in relation with the league tables such as critical analysis of the three ranking systems to gauge their strengths and weaknesses, debate on the evidentiary basis of league tables to explain the criteria upon which the universities are ranked and criticism as well as the limitations to the validity of university ranking systems. Lastly, it will single out the methodology that stands out. The need for and growth of ranking systems: The world is in the process of getting preoccupied with rankings more and more every d ay. Just like scarcity, having access to the ‘finest’ as well as prestige more or less mark the purchase of almost every commodity in our daily lives, so are the customers of the tertiary sector continuously looking out for pointers that improve their capability to know and access the best in the tertiary sector (Salmi & Saroyan, 2007). Criteria for measuring the rankings: In most of the university ranking tables, the criteria used to measure the rankings is: To be distinct about what the ranking will measure. To use a variety of indicators and multiple procedures rather than a single, weighted ranking. To associate comparable programs or institutions. At the institutional level, use rankings for planned preparation and quality enhancement purposes. At the government level, use rankings to kindle a philosophy of quality. Use rankings as one of the tools available to notify and update students, families and employers and encourage public debate (Salmi & Saroyan, 2007) An alysis of the ranking systems: Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) rankings were formulated in 1998 and were more formally known as ‘The Academic Rankings of the World Universities’ (ARWU). Universities that have field medallists; highly cited researchers as well as Nobel laureates are included in the ranking. According to this criterion, ARWU is not trying to compare all the universities throughout the world; instead it is targeting the world’s top research universities only. ARWU initially picks out around 1000 universities from throughout the world, of which only 500 are later on ranked in the league tables. For all ARWU indicators, data is usually collected from third parties that include the official site of the Nobel Prize as well as numerous Thomson Reuters websites in order to access citation and publications (Rauhvargers, 2011). Moving on to ‘The Times higher Education World University Rankings’, it is apparent that, published in 2004, it w as an ‘answer’ to the Shanghai ARWU rankings. The indicated drive of ‘The World University Rankings’ is â€Å"to recognise universities as the multi-faceted organisations that they are, to provide a global comparison of their success against the notional mission of remaining or becoming world-class† (Salmi & Saroyan, 2007). This ranking separates 300 in each of the five faculty areas as well as about 600 universities and uses sources such as incorporate surveys from individual academics and researchers, employer organisations, third-party data as well as university information (Salmi & Saroyan, 2007). Lastly, The CHE Centre for Higher Education Development that designed an ‘

Ethical Consideration in Probation and Parole Research Paper

Ethical Consideration in Probation and Parole - Research Paper Example This article reveals the various ethical considerations that underpin the probation and parole systems. The idea of the article is that these systems should be reformed to ensure that they are effective and protect the rights of the public. Thus, it is an important contribution to the community correction aspect of the social justice systems. Probation and parole are some of the criminal correction procedures in many states in the world. Probation in criminal law refers to a period of supervision of an offender outside prison while a parole refers to the release of a criminal from prison before completing their term in prison. The offenders under parole and probation are set free to interact with the community under particular conditions. In the recent past, the conditions that offenders have to serve are raising ethical issues that need to be addressed. While it is clear that this is a better term for offenders, the conditions provided at times are dehumanizing and sometimes may have long term impacts on the community and the offenders. While many researchers argue that a great percentage of offenders prefer these conditions rather than spend their time in prison, these strict conditions have raised questions whether in reality these measures serve their intended purpose. From the fact that the parole and probation cond itions may affect the health, privacy and sanity of the offender and the community, it true that there is need to reform these conditions. In the recent past, the parole and probation have become more common forms of community correction methods. The argument of the government is that it is a more friendly approach of reinstating order in the society without necessarily having to imprison the offenders. The rationale for providing probation is that the person is not a potential threat to the community if released. The offender is released under close supervision to monitor their

Distance Education Essay Example for Free

Distance Education Essay We normally take our studies in a structured establishment called classroom located a place called school. Every day, we wake up early, leave our homes, pay for transportation fees and finally reach to our second home, the classroom. As we welcome ourselves in Mindanao State University, we are lucky to meet different kinds of people from different kinds of places. People from Glan, Tacurong, Marbel and all over Mindanao are your schoolmates and classmates. You share experiences with them, telling stories about their place that makes you as if you were once there. But, what if there are some people who want to study but for some reasons, they cannot go to school, will they be able to study despite their situations they face? Our world is constantly changing and getting more complicated, that is why human beings formulated new innovations and techniques regarding their educational careers. Distance Learning or Distant education is a mode of delivering education and instruction, often on an individual basis, to students who are not physically present in a traditional setting such as a classroom. It is not a face to face interaction just like we do in schools. There is a quite large distance and time between the learner and the teacher. Typical students who enroll at Distant Education courses are people who are too busy in their careers that they have no time to spend in school. Celebrities like Anne Curtis are a student of Distant Education. Or you can be a student with physical disabilities that you find it hard to go to school. Or maybe the courses offered are available only in far places. There are many possible students of this kind of education. There are many modes of communication in distant learning. It can through the telephone, letter or the most common type, the internet where you can see each other and contact directly to one another. There are many instructional materials can be used. It can be an audio tool, video, a print, or a softcopy data. There are some advantages of this type of education. First, it’s potential. The opportunities for distance education have exploded along with increased use of the Internet. The original distance education programs used print materials, but the majority of current programs use online software and programs to replicate a classroom setting. Many degrees are available through distance programs, including high school, college and post-graduate diplomas. There are now distance education options for nearly every career choice, from nursing to accounting. It is also flexible. Distance education provides opportunities for people who may have trouble attending a traditional institution such as stay-at-home moms, people working full time or members of the military. Many online educational programs allow you to work at your own pace, so you can fit your education into your schedule. Also, the cost of distant education is cheaper. In many cases distance education can be considerably cheaper than attending a traditional college. Not only are the classes cheaper, but you can learn from the comfort of your own home and not have to pay for room and board or transportation. On the other hand, Distant Learning losses interaction with the other students is one of the advantages of it. Distant education is commonly one student in one teacher so only 2 of you are interacting with one another, or sometimes, communication is only one way where only the teacher is active in communicating. It is not easy to motivate if you are the only one or the only peer in the learning ground. It is also self-paced so it is less motivating. It is quite amazing that humans are able to deliberate this mode of learning. It sounded like cool to me in a sense that it involves or let’s say it is dependent of technology which is an asset when it comes to employment. It gives us an idea that education is truly for all for those who are willing to learn busy schedule or disabled, still allot their time and effort for studying. In part of the teachers, it will open new ways of learning and of course, employment and income will increase. This education will be in- demand especially to foreigners who want to speak in English and many more. When my professor once introduced distant education in the class, I was quite convinced to study in that way. If I learn the mechanics of Distant learning, I someday may become a teacher of distant education. I want to help students who are especially handicapped or something. It is a proof that education will be non-discriminating, and I hope this type of learning will continue to grow as they produce competent students.

Survey on the WIFI Positioning Technology

Survey on the WIFI Positioning Technology A quick survey on the WIFI positioning technology Abstract Wireless location estimation technology is applied largely into many fields such as in the military communication, Internet of things and social networks. Meanwhile, with the growing need of WIFI technology, access points of WIFI networks have been deployed in large-scale department stores, cafes, schools and general hospitals. WIFI location positioning can not only offset the drawbacks of GPS especially in built-up area or indoors environment but also enlarge the location estimation services in the relevant industrials. Specifically, more accurate result is the main contribution of the WIFI positioning. Based on WIFI location estimation technology, this survey will present different kinds of approaches applied in WIFI positioning, give a comparison among them and discuss certain algorithms in fingerprint technology. Key words: WIFI technology, WIFI localization, location positioning algorithms 1 Introduction With the high development of Wireless Communication and the urgent need of Personal Communication Service, different kinds of wireless networks has emerged such as GSM, WCDMA, TDSCDMA based on Cellular Technology, Wi-Fi based on AP coverage, etc. Diverse wireless network has different features and can also bring about a wide variety of data services which can satisfy the user for their own communication need. Largely, it can offer us high quality of communication experience and alter our way of life. In the same time, the rapid growth of the wireless communication make the social networks popular among the young generations. Location estimation technology will also make a great contribution to it. In advertising services, as long as the detailed location coordinate of the mobile users is once determined, it will bring about enormous economic benefits to the surrounding business. Business owners could send advertisements to consumers nearby to make more profit. The positioning technology could make public security services more completed. For example, it can aid us to find lost articles, stolen bicycles and missing children or pets. Furthermore, for large manufactures, Location estimation technology could offer the detailed position information of each product components. As for tourists, it can provide travelling information, too. Even in museums, campus and large amusement parks, users could also take the advantage of this location services. With the WIFI technology being applied into many fields, access points of WIFI networks are covered in large commercial buildings, cafes, schools, grand hospitals, bus stops and metro. WIFI positioning technology could make up the limits in indoors environment of GPS. It can not only improve the accuracy of location estimation but also cut down the cost of coverage, which is significant to the society, 2. Different approaches applied in WIFI positioning In terms of positioning technology, the most popular one is GPS. However, the environment should be flat and open. As for indoors regions, GPS technology has a relative poor accuracy in location estimation due to the fact that influenced by the building walls and other subjects, the intensity of signal is attenuated largely. Therefore, WIFI position technology could be an optimized choice for indoors environment. 2.1 The definition of the WIFI positioning Localization is the process of estimating absolute or relative position of mobile objects, referring to the data of predefined spots’ position in restricted area. [1] In indoors environment, WLAN is the ideal option to localize the terminals. The access point just like the bases in wireless communication play a significant role in WIFI positioning. Therefore, WIFI could provide the larger coverage as well as make the localization more convenient. 2.2 The classification of the approaches in WIFI Localization Currently, the majority of WLAN is using the Radio Frequency to communicate with each other due to the fact that most Radio Waves could penetrate walls or obstacles in indoors environment. To be more specific, RSSI is the common localization technology to be applied in wireless environment. [2]The following gives a simple description of RSSI. RSSI (received signal strength indication): Research and experimental measurements show that wireless signal in propagation presents some rules as followed: Once the transmission power of AP is fixed, there is an inverse relationship between the receiver’s received signal strength and distance between sender and receiver.[3] Specifically, if the distance between them is closer, the stronger received signal strength we will get. By using the known radio propagation model, RSSI method could measure different RSSI of APs from mobile terminals. In most cases, we could get the positioning result through three different APs. Therefore, positioning approaches based on RSSI could be classified into two fields: one is trilateration positioning and the other is fingerprinting positioning. 2.2.1 Trilateration positioning technology Trilateration positioning technology means setting the 3 APs to be the center and the distance between AP and to be localized subject to be radius. Therefore, we get the 3 different circles and the focus among them. By using the above data, we could attain the equations to work out the distance of the solution. In WIFI networks, the distance between AP and user could be attained by two approaches. 1. TOA (time of arrival): TOA is measuring the one-way propagation time between the AP and mobile terminals or the round-trip propagation time. [4]The former needs to record the precise signal transmission time of the AP or mobile terminals.Fig.3-1 shows the basic idea of TOA positioning approach. Moreover, the receiver is highly depend on the clock, too; the latter don’t worry about the synchronization. However, there are still high demands on the clock. Fig.2-1 The schematic diagram of TOA approach Yet, TOA is highly depend on accurate time clock. During the localization, 1ms of the measuring error could result in the 300m positioning mistake. Therefore, for the AP and mobile terminal there are high demand on precise clock, which increased the localization hard ware costs. 2. TDOA (time difference of arrival): Different from TOA, TDOA is to detect the arrival time difference between the two APs other than the absolute arrival time for the target terminal localization[5]. Fig.3-2 describe the basic schematic diagram of TDOA approach. Obviously, via this approach, we can minimize the high demand of the synchronization between the sender and receiver. By using the three different AP, it is easy to measure two TDOA values. The mobile terminal is located on two hyperbolic intersection determined by the two TDOA. Fig.2-2 The schematic diagram of TDOA approach 2.2.2 Fingerprinting positioning technology Similar to the traditional fingerprint technology, fingerprint technology relies on characterizing the feature of the database to identify the target.Fig.3-3 gives a detailed description of the working principle in finger printing technology. [6]There are two stages in the localization: training stage and positioning stage. Training Stage: The target in this stage is to build a fingerprint database. First, we should adopt a reasonable reference point distribution for ensuring to provide enough information in the positioning stage. Then, It is important to measure the value of RSS in different reference points. [11]The location information of reference points and the corresponding MAC address are recorded in the database. Due to the environment factor, wireless signal strength is not stable. In order to overcome this disadvantage, generally, we take the average of multiple measurements at each reference point. Table2-1 below indicates the establishment of the fingerprint database. Table2-1 An example of the fingerprint database Positioning Stage: Once the database is settle down, according to the certain matching algorithms, the RSS value of the target point is compared with known information in the database. The common matching algorithm is Nearest Neighbor algorithm (NN) , k-Nearest Neighbor algorithm and so on. These approaches will be discussed thoroughly in the next part. At last, we could attain estimated user location. Fig.2-3 The schematic location positioning technology in fingerprint The above is some basic approaches in WLAN based indoor location estimation technology. The table 2-2 blow presents a brief comparison among them. Table 2-2 the comparison among the different approaches in WLAN based indoor environment 3. Location Algorithms in fingerprint technology In this section, we will introduce two classical positioning algorithms based on fingerprint technology: Nearest Neighbor (NN) algorithm and Naà ¯ve Bayesian algorithm. 3.1 The Nearest Neighbor algorithm (NN) NN could be regarded as a special case of KNN algorithm namely k=1. KNN approach is first introduced in early 1950s. Within the large amount of training set, it is computationally intensive. From then on, it is applied rapidly in the field of pattern recognition.[8] NN is based on analogical learning. To be more specific, we could attain the result by comparing the given test examples and resembled training samples. In the field of wireless location estimation, the test samples are fingerprint and the class label is the physical location corresponding to the fingerprint. [9]Supposed that if the number of fingerprint is l (denoted as ) in the localization area, there is a mapping relationship between each fingerprint and the corresponding physical location information}.In the real-time positioning stage, one RSS fingerprint example is denoted as S. It contains average RSS value from N different APs, namely .In the fingerprint database, each fingerprint is expressed as. is the fingerprint of No.i, which contains the average value of RSS in No.n AP. Therefore, the similarity between the fingerprint S of the real-time signal and the training samples in the database could be measured by the distance between them, for instance, the Euclidean distance. Just like the formula 3-1 below: Finally, for the fingerprint S of the real-time signal, the estimated result is the physical location corresponding to the fingerprint which is the nearest one from it. Shown as formula (3-2). 3.2The Naive Bayesian Algorithm The naà ¯ve Bayesian algorithm is based on the probability method deriving from classification in statistics.[10] Bayesian classification could predict the likelihood of the class members, for instance the given sample belongs to a particular class. The main idea of Bayesian classification is that in many applications, the relationship between the samples and class labels is not determined. In other words, though the test samples are very similar to some training samples, we couldn’t predict the class label clearly. The noise leads to this situation or other confounders which affected the classification didn’t be contained in analysis. Different from KNN, Bayesian classification gives the probability of test samples belonging to the certain class other than the exact class label of test samples. Based on Bayes Theorem, Bayesian classification is a statistic principle which combines the prior knowledge and new evidence gathered from the new data set. Naive Bayes is the impletion of the Bayesian classification. The localization based on naive Bayesian is as followed: First, supposed that there are l fingerprints in the localization area, denoted as , there is a mapping relationship between the each fingerprint and the corresponding group of location information. In the real-time positing stage, a RSS fingerprint sample is denoted as S and it contains average RSSI value from n different APs,Then, naà ¯ve Bayesian algorithm is to attain the posteriori probability of real-time RSS fingerprint samples S in the positioning area, it could be described as below: In the formula (3-1),with the known location,is the conditional probability of real-time RSS fingerprint sample S.is the prior probability of Li in the localization area. Generally, users could appear on any position of the location area. So we consider is subject to the uniform distribution. The key assumption of Naive Bayesian is that the impact of each attribute value for a given class is independent of the other property values. In other words, in certain location, the RSSI value from different APs is independent and unrelated. Therefore, the calculation of is simplified as We could use Gaussian probability distribution to approximate the RSSI in certain location, the formula is as below. Eventually, by using the MAP, we estimate the use’s location, described as formula(3-3). 4. Conclusion and Future prospects Based on WIFI positioning technology, this survey analyze the needs of wireless localization, classify and compare the different approaches implemented in indoor environment and present two classical algorithms in fingerprint technology. With the high development of WLAN, the technology based on RSSI, especially fingerprint attracts more and more attention. On the basis of the more accurate estimated result, the future research goal is to improve the ease of use in the positioning system and make the location-based services more convenient and more practical. Here are some tips towards the future research fields: The fingerprint technology algorithm its self has the drawbacks of enormous complicated preparation works. By using the propagation model, we could reduce the large amount of working preparations. Most people study or work in indoors environment. So, how to use other people’s information to improve the user’s own localization accuracy is an interesting issue and many researcher has put emphasis on it. Recently, most algorithms are just in theoretical research or basic test scene lacking of practical application consideration. Therefore, how to implement these algorithms into public paces is another urgent issue, too. References N0HA S, LEE W J, YOUNG J. Comparison of the mechanisms of the Zigbees indoor localization algorithm[C], Ninth ACIS International Conference on Software Engineering, Artificial Intelligence, Networking, and Parallel Distributed Computing. Phuket, [S.l.]: [s.n.], 2008: 13-18. ZHUMinghui,ZHANG Huiqing. Research on model of indoor distance measurement based on receiving signal strength[C].2010 International Conference on Computer Design and Appliations. Qinhuangdao, [s.l.]:[s.n.], 2010: 54-58. K.C.Ho,Y.T.Chan.Geolocation of a known altitude object from TDOA and FDOA measurements[J]. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 2007’ 33(3): 770-783. Binghao Li, Yufei Wang, Hyung Keun Lee,ect.A New Method of Yielding a Database of Location Fingerprints in WLAN,IEEE Proceedings Communications. 2005. pp.580-586. Bahl P, Padmanabhan VN. Enhancements of the RADAR User Location and Tracking System. Technical Report MSR-TR-2000-12, 2000. Yongliang Sun;,Yubin Xu, Lin Ma, Zhian Deng, KNN-FCM hybrid algorithm for indoor location in WLAN , Power Electronics and Intelligent Transportation System (PEITS), 2009.pp.251-254dd. Roos T, Myllymaki P, Tirri H, et al. A Probabilistic Approach to WLAN User Location Estimation. International Journal of Wireless Information Networks, 2002, 9, 155-16.

A Massive Project For The Benefit Of Mankind: A Look At The Human Geno :: essays research papers fc

A Massive Project for the Benefit of Mankind: A Look at the Human Genome Project Scientists are taking medical technology to new heights as they race to map all of the genes, nearly 100,000, in the 23 chromosomes of the human body. Along the way, they hope to understand the basis of, and maybe even develop methods of treating certain genetic diseases, such as Alzheimer’s and Muscular Dystrophy. They plan to do this by identifying the DNA sequence of an abnormal gene in which a disease originates and comparing it with the data of a normal or healthy gene. The entire research project is entitled "The Human Genome Project." "The Human Genome Project" is a large scale project being conducted by more than 200 laboratories, with even more researchers and labs having joined in. Most of the labs and researchers are located in France and the United States. The project started in 1990 and was slated to take 15 years and cost $3 billion in U.S. money for the entire project coming to roughly $200 million per year. Federal funding for the project is nearly 60% of the annual need. This has created some funding problems for the project. There also have been technological advances and discoveries that have helped to speed up the project. This automation may help to reduce the cost and help the project to meet its objectives ahead of schedule. The project was estimated to have detailed maps of all of the chromosomes and know the location of most of the human Genes by 1996. Researchers have successfully located the gene and DNA sequence for Huntington’s Disease on Chromosome 4 and have created a genetic test to determine if a person carries this gene. "The child of a person with Huntington's has a 50% chance of inheriting the gene, which inevitably leads to the disease." Once an individual acquires the gene, it is only a matter of time before they acquire the disease. Because the medical costs of treating such persons in terminal illnesses are extremely high, insurance companies who want to stay in business see this genetic test, and others like it, as an opportunity to screen prospective clients for the probability of such diseases. Some people feel that this information gives insurance companies unfair advantage over those covered by medical insurance and point out that release of genetic information to insurance companies puts a severe disadvantage on the person who is screened, as well as violates the patients right to privacy. If this genetic information is not safegua rded as confidential for the patient’s and doctor’s knowledge alone, then the patient can be labeled as undesirable and

PETA Campaigns Look to Turn Carnivores Green Essay -- Animal Rights

Vegetarianism, PETA touts it as a cure-all for obesity in their ad campaigns calling for folks to ditch meat and eat plant-based meals. This series has been going on for well over a decade but really seems be picking up speed these past few years when they began pairing US celebrities with vegetables be it in fancy dress made of different vegetables or bare naked amongst bushels of their favorite edible plant. Along with the fit bodied celebrity and their vegetables, there is a message included, an offer of free vegetarian recipes if you visit their website. The message is clear PETA wants us to stop eating animal meat and they are willing to use fit body celebs and free recipes to do it. I think these ads are effective strategies for swaying consumer who is always looking for the next big thing to be a part of that involves a celebrity spokes model. The latest print ad to come from PETA is the provocative Angela Simmons print ad, in which she can only be described as being Eve of Eden in all her nude glory. The ad stating that eating Meat is a Sin, this may be more tuned toward religious carnivores but the visual is definitely aimed toward those who enjoy a teasing naked woman, because the ad is nothing less than sexy. Her dark hair spilling forth loose and wavy over her shoulders hiding bare breasts, her right hit turned out a chain of ivy laid along it; most prominent is her smooth, young face almost a reflection of the beautiful red apple she holds just beneath her chin in her right palm, while the heel of her left hand rests gently against her cheek. Her arm is raised and slightly twists, winding its way up through her hair, reminding me of a serpent, I believe this to be an intentional subliminal bit withi... ...ebsites to bash companies who mistreat their livestock. These methods are directed toward the consumers who, without this type of advertising would ever realize there was a problem or even what PETA was. So in the end PETA’s envelope is pushed by the consumer because the consumer thinks and is influenced by advertising; and the more attention getting the advertising is, the more likely the consumer is to pay attention and be swayed to your side of the table if it is an ad campaign they (the consumer) can relate to and quite frankly nearly every consumer can relate to sexy. Works Cited n.d. PETA.org. Vegetarian 101. n.d. . —. Veggie Love. N/A November 2011. . n.d. PETA.org. Veggie Love. N/A November 2011. .

Fangirl Essay

There are some kinds of love in this universe. Without love, a human being will not be able to live normally and there will be something empty inside their hearts. This can be love for our God, parents, families, lovers, or maybe just for our bestfriends. But now just think about this case: how about love for someone that we have never even met before? Maybe just fangirls who know how it feels, because they are the one who have a non-sense head over heels in love all over the time. What thing that comes in your mind when you hear the word â€Å"fangirls†? Maybe just a bunch of weird girls who are too much obsessed with the artist whom they admire to death. Why are they so weird? Because commonly, fangirls always have their own world, their own strange hobbies, and their own reason for being so crazy. The things such as plastering their idol’s face as their phone wallpaper, sticking so many huge posters at their rooms, overreacting when their favorite songs from their precious boys are played at the public place, sighing desperately when their hardisk is running out of memory due to a bunch of photos and videos that are too precious to be deleted, and other nonsense actions; they just do it naturally and with no other purpose than their own satisfaction over the idols. They just want to feel close with their boys. Moreover, fangirls even often call them as their ‘‘husband’’. See? It seems like fangirls’ imagination is their last hope. The other thing about fangirl is for most of them, every single thing about their boys always matters. That is why they joined some fanbases that keep updating about their boys’ current condition all the time. And believe me it means trully literally, starting from what their idols are doing, if there is any newest clip or tv show, attending some events, or even just being spotted at a supermarket without wearing any make up. They keep sharing the information with the other fangirls all over the world. That’s why for these girls, living in social networking such as twitter and facebook is much more interesting than their own and always-boring-real life. Being a fangirl sometimes can also be very annoying to the people surrounding them. I mean, when their â€Å"love†, or should we call it as an â€Å"obsession† instead? Yeah, stuff like that goes into an extreme level, obviously people may look at them in an oh-i’m-so-irritated-by-this-creature way. For example, when two angirls meet each other for the first time, have a little chit chat, and then find out that they are admiring the same person in a same group, those two will dive into their own world. Those fangirls will easily connected and nonstop talking about the newest news from their idols and ignoring the others who keep staring at them all the times, wondering what they are excitedly talking about. That is the reason wh y people always ignore the fangirls when they started talking about the topic-that-god-and-them-who-only-know. Now, let’s move on some obstacles that might bother most of fangirls in this earth. One of them is that being a fangirl is extremely expensive, since they always have the urge to wipe out their credit cards or spend lots of money to buy every single album, postcard, DVD, photobook, and other merchandise that has their idol’s face on it. This collecting habit will make their wallet pathetically empty. The most ironic thing about this is, when their idols’ groups come to their country and hold a big concert with such a high price ticket, the fangirls would separate into two paths. The first, in the case of fangirls who fortunately come from the have family, or maybe already have salary from their job, they will easily buy the ticket with no hesitation, watch the concert excitedly, and form a smile that will never leave their face for at least one month later. Such a sweet memories~ In the other way, for those who do not have enough money to own the ticket, they will just cry to death all day long, knowing that they will just let their boys come to their country and perform perfectly as always on the stage without witnessing it by themselves. Their sorrowful faces won’t dissapear easily for sure. Do you think fangirl is nothing than just a weirdo because theye’re crying for something that isn’t worth it? They do know it by themselves but they just couldn’t deny the feeling. Even though their obsession towards the boys sometimes makes no sense, there is still some positive things that can be taken from those fangirls. One of them that is, the faith. They always keep the faith, no matter what mistake that their boy’s done, they will find the excuse behind it, apologize them, and continue supporting them as always. That’s why the artist wouldn’t be exist without their loyal, caring, and supporting fans behind them.

Understanding Dota Gamers

DotA is an abbreviation of Defense of the Ancients which is a map modification from Warcraft III: Reign of Chaos and Frozen Throne based on the map of â€Å"Aeon Strife† of Starcraft, a team game focusing on hero combat. DotA is a five versus five game with two sides which are sentinel and scourge. The map is divided into three lanes where creeps automatically spawn. The objective of the game is to destroy the opponent’s Ancient that is heavily guarded by several defensive towers which attacks hostile creatures. The map was developed with the World Editor of Reign of Chaos.The first DotA map was developed by anonymous modder known as Eul. He released DotA even before the Frozen Throne came out. Then another anonymous modder, Guinsoo, took over and converted DotA for the Frozen Throne, but he later stopped developing maps. Icefrog then took his place and is the current DotA developer. Game is commonly played with teams. Each team creates strategy to win the game. First, they pick hero, one hero for every player. Next, player buys item for the hero to make it strong. And proceed into one lane for defense and offense mode.Hero gains one gold, currency of the game, every second and forty for creeps and two hundred plus for hero kills. Player collects gold by farming, microing, and hostile hero killing to buy recipe items to be synthesized for an upgraded weapon. Also, hero gains level experience, up to level twenty five, every time they kill a creeps and heroes. Every hero has their own unique balance skill. Proper timing and usage of skill is one aspect that a DotA player needs to learn. Ever since the DotA was developed, the game had undergone many changes.Game bugs and glitch do appear and are reported by testers and players. It gives a thought that a modder is not the only developer of the game. The DotA community has their own share. â€Å"But despite all of the community’s help, it is still Icefrog, a man who may be named Jeremy, who may be from Boston and who may study at UCLA, which makes the final changes. The masses may be the power of the movement, but the figurehead and initiator of all that changes is still focused on a mysterious, almost spiritual figurehead. †1 The popularity of DotA has increased over time.The game can be played around local area network or online through battle. net. Battle. net allows one player to connect with other players in the internet. Garena provides interconnection of players for every game, in this case DotA. It has several rooms created by a host player inviting another player to join in. DotA was once featured in the magazine Computer Gaming World. Different tournaments were done and one of the famous is Electronic Sports World Cup in 2008. LAN tournaments are a major part of worldwide play. From game addiction to game creation, the League of Legends was released.It has the same environment with Defense of the Ancients, but an enhanced and improved graphics and animatio n and different characters, items and skills. Same goes with DOTA 2, the improvised DotA. Everything was remained. DOTA 2 is a whole new game. Even with DOTA 2 released, there are still player of the DotA. Pre-gamers think whether they will try the game or not. They are curious about the game. Things that in their mind are bad pictures like they will be bullied, will be laughed of, or will become attached to the game. They question themselves: why are existing players play DotA? How much fun can they get?How to play the game? With these questions in their mind, they are influence by their curiosity to start and play the game and find the answers themselves. They will seek assistance first, and then remember the basic controls and movements of the character for their next play. In other cases, curiosity is not the reason why someone starts to play DotA. It is the influence of their peers inviting the pre-gamer to join the club – DotA gamers. The friendship does not want to be broken. The known reputation of DotA being one of the most addictive games pushes the pre-gamer to decline playing.Some succeed in declining and others did not. It is because they are convinced by their friends to play DotA. Girlfriend of an existing DotA gamer is the common relationship status of girl players. They want to get the attention of their boyfriend. So, girlfriend asks her boyfriend to teach her and learn it herself so they can play and have fun together. Once they have tried the game, it will leave them impressions. The common impression is that it is not good because of the low quality graphical representation and the controls are hard to remember at first.It is also hard to kill an artificial intelligence character that a beginner will think the game is impossible, but this will change later. Another one impression is ‘disappointed’ because their first play could not meet their expectation and will not be satisfied with the result. Some quit at once while other continues. After getting the game’s information, a beginner will start to change his view towards the game. He/she will discover that the game is exciting, thrilling, and fun. He will practice playing to kill an AI character. This will lead to continuous playing and eventually improve his/her skills and strategies.When that happens, he/she will kill an AI and be ready to compete with other players. At middle time of a gamer, he/she finds DotA as a place of recreation and entertainment. His/her addiction of the game is showing. A gamer spends most of their free time playing the game solo or with friends. Other gamers still play sports and socialize with friends and play DotA afterwards. This case is a proof of attachment with the game. Some gamers treat DotA as a hobby. They only play for pastime or to entertain their self. They are not considered as addicted.On the other hand, a gamer is considered addict when he/she plays more than an hour, spends money to heat up the game, and chooses the game instead of socializing with others. There are other reasons or symptoms that based a gamer addicted. As time goes by, for existing gamers, they turn out to become advance game player. The game is as familiar as their house. Strategies are like rock, scissor, and paper game. They can switch to new strategy for whenever they want. In-game characters are like dolls they control as they command. â€Å"Change is the only constant†, said Heraclitus (535-375 BC).Changes show in the later time of the gamer. There are changes in gamers’ physical appearance, thinking capacity, socialization, and studies. These changes affect the player’s daily life. The gamer is different from his/her past self. If he/she attends a reunion, his/her relatives would think of him for another person. â€Å"Physical consequences of gaming addiction include carpal tunnel, migraines, sleep disturbances, backaches, eating irregularities, and poor personal hygiene. Car pal tunnel syndrome has long been associated with computer use, so it's no surprise that it's a physical symptom of gaming addiction.Carpal tunnel syndrome is caused when the main nerve between the forearm and hand is squeezed or pressed. This occurs when the carpal tunnel – the area of the wrist that houses the main nerve and tendons – becomes irritated or swollen. Overuse of a computer mouse can cause such irritation and swelling, as can excessive use of a video game controller. Migraine headaches typically start in one spot and slowly spread, getting more painful as they progress. In severe cases, the pain can be so extreme that it causes the sufferer to vomit. Light and noise can cause excruciating pain.Someone who plays video games for extended periods of time is more prone to migraines because of the intense concentration required and the strain put on the eyes. The term â€Å"sleep disturbances† covers several sleep-related disorders, including insomnia, narcolepsy, sleep apnea, nocturnal myoclonus (periodic leg or arms jerks during sleep), and parasomnia (i. e. , night terrors, sleepwalking or talking, and nightmares). Sleep disturbances are caused, in part, by overstimulation of the brain. However, some people can't get a good night's sleep simply because they think obsessively about the game they're playing.Backaches are a common physical symptom of gaming addiction because most gamers stay seated in the same position for hours on end. The lack of movement causes stiffness and soreness, but could deteriorate into chronic back problems. Eating irregularities are caused by gaming addiction simply because most addicted gamers don't want to take the time to eat properly. Rather than eating healthy, balanced meals, they eat food that is quick and usually unhealthy. In extreme cases, the gamer may choose not to eat at all. An addicted gamer is not going to take the time to properly care for himself.Showers, face-washing, and brushing h air and teeth all get put on the back burner. It simply becomes less of a priority, if it's a priority at all. These physical consequences will occur in varying degrees from one gamer to another. Though the severity of physical consequences is often tied to the severity of the addiction, this is not always the case. A gamer that is already in poor physical condition will be more susceptible to these effects early on. †2 Video game is also a cause of obesity particularly with kids. They eat while their character is dead and wait until it respawn.Gamer mostly eats unhealthy or foods with imbalance nutrients. They do not exercise even sometimes which results to gaining weight, and back and wrist pains. This case majority happens to addicted players. A game player’s intellectual capabilities varies depend on his/her attitude or personalities. It also depends on their way of thinking and past knowledge. Gamers with strong and sharp mind usually win a session game in DotA. Ga mers’ mind thinks fast that is to establish game strategy and to take up the lead. This factor is a good effect of video game.He/she can make decisions fast but careful because he/she thinks as if he/she is still playing. He/she does not want to screw his game play and strategic plan. â€Å"Playing a game which requires very fast deployment of visual attention and motor movement could prime a strategy of speed over accuracy,† explained Nelson, â€Å"while playing a game which emphasizes a slower, more thoughtful pace could prime the opposite pattern. The main point is that different kinds of video games engage different cognitive and perceptual skills, and there are measurable differences in their effects, even in the short term. Similar results have been noted in previous research by Daphne Bavelier, of the University of Rochester in New York. She co-authored a study that showed video game players have improved hand-to-eye coordination, increased visual processing, s tronger mental rotation skills and enhanced visuo-spatial memory. †3 Defense of the Ancients is not as addictive as massive multi-online role playing game (MMORPG), where a player maintains and upgrades level and strength of his character and does not restart the character information after logging off.Meanwhile, DotA characters start at level one every session of game. DotA is more fun to play with peers than playing alone. The average length of a game session with user opponent is sixty minutes. Thus, it gives the player to interact with his teammate and opponents for an hour. It is virtual socialization, where a player speaks through the chat bar and dialog box, and interact with other player with his game character. Socialization in real life comes after a session. Gamers snacks together and talks about their finished game and criticize the player who cause the win or loss.It creates bonds and trusts for playmate. Gamers that play in computer shop increase their peers who they met and play the game with. Too much attachment to the game DotA affects relationships with family, relatives, friends and other people. A gamer that chooses to spend all of his free time and sleep for playing neglects his social interaction with relatives and in school. He only interacts with the player or peer he is playing with. And since he lacks sleep, there is a chance that he will fall asleep in class and affects his school performance. Peers changes the gamer’s way of socializing.The gamer absorbs the negative treatment onto him and do it himself onto other game player. He tries to bully weaker player – easy kill, easy money. And his way of speaking changes. Polite becomes impolite and occasionally turns to being rude. Some of his words are swap with words from the game, ixempli gratia, godlike and ‘imba’, which only a DotA game player understands. Most of his expression is about the game. He loves to talk all things about DotA only with other DotA player. He will not try to talk about it with non-gamer for they would not understand.Some gamers who are attached to the game do not fail in class. He manages his time carefully and controls his self with his decision to not set aside studies for computer game. Unfortunately, other gamers fall behind lectures. The common reason is lack of sleep. Gamer often yawn in class and inevitably fall asleep. Some gamers do not attend their first class and later drop the subject. There are gamer that do not spend their money allowance for snacks instead spend it for computer rental, if the gamer do not have computer at home or he just want to play DotA with other player.Other gamers decrease their time for study and spend it for socialization with peers through DotA. DotA had different tournaments. There are Local Area Network (LAN) tournament, online tournament, international tournaments and other tournaments. Advance players grab this opportunity to challenge their skills and to compe te with other strong players, but the common reason for joining is the prize especially the cash. Winners gain reputation. Losers gain rivals. The population of DotA gamers consists mostly of students. Their allowance usually goes to computer rental. Other gamers are nonstudent, with occupation and bystander.Bystanders have more free time to play though they have insufficient fund for renting computer though they can only play alone at home through internet if they have computer. Those advance gamers with jobs are the ones who usually place bets to heat up their game. This is a form of gambling. They even place bets though they are only watching. Gamers make money through winning bets and tournaments. Experience is knowledge. We gain lessons in every experience. Experience sharpens our personality. Our mistake is a lesson to avoid and improve the right one. Gamers experience the changes which were discussed in the last topic.While playing DotA, gamers experience different feelings a nd emotions like hunger, fun, excitement, and thrill. These emotions are triggered by neurotransmitters such as endorphins and dopamine. These brain chemicals are responsible for animals’ sense of pleasure. The brain secretes these chemicals when the body feels excitement, joy, or pain. Even a fake smile can cause pleasure and trick the body that it is happy. â€Å"Then, there's the excitement. A good game will get your pulse racing and your adrenaline pumping, even if you're just sitting on the couch holding a controller.Games with a time component amplify this excitement, even in simple games like Jewel Quest where you're down to one second before everything blows up because you didn't find the three matching gems. †4 During the game session, the hand-to-eye coordination is used. Most of the time, hands and eyeballs are the only part of the body that moves. They seldom stretch their hand, legs, and neck. Parts of the body that is not use become weak. DotA gamers expe rience lack of sleep because of playing. The gamers do not care of time during the session. His focus and attention are in the game only.They ignore other matter even emergency calls and text messages are ignored. Reply is given upon the end of the game session. These are reasons why parents and girlfriend/boyfriend, if there is any, get upset. Based on the observation of the researcher, gamers , particularly on weekend, start to play at nine in the morning and finish at about four the next morning, then get some rest and come back playing. They said, they only eat, take small amount of time to sleep, wake up, eat again, take a bath, then go to internet shop to resume his play. For students, they usually play after class hours.They are sometimes distracted by the thoughts of DotA while in the class. They are excited for class dismissal. They come home late and make their parents anxious. Some of these students are being fetched by their parent. Some act shy, on the other hand, some act tough and proud. In Internet shop, gamers are happy, and noisy. During the session, they shout and trash-talk each side even the watchers shout. Harsh and mean words are trash-talk like ‘weak’, ‘lousy’, ‘slow’, and ‘gay’. The competition each game is intense. Gamers who lose often get bullied and easily angered.Later, this bullied player, sometime, cause trouble and brawl. Losers feel sad, depression, and shame, and think for a new strategy to win the next game. They gain rivals to overcome, putting more time for practice game to improve tactics. On the other hand, winners celebrate, feels fun, and gain challengers. Some gamers quit, but there are new players who replace them. The reasons of new players are curiosity towards the game, seek of fun, peer pressure, and friendship. People find ways to eradicate pressure and boredom. One of it is playing DotA.The game DotA has effects depends on the physical and mental capacity of t he gamer. Weak-willed mind and poor health are more susceptible to game addiction and negative changes in their personality and body. Playing the game reduces time for socialization and study. Game players must learn how to control their selves to refuse from overuse of time and money for playing. Parents must watch their kids. It is hard to forbid kids from playing video game. This action can cause the kids to rebel. So, give them outdoor activity like sports to balance their mind and body. Definition of termsBugs are small insect. Bugs, in computer program, is an error, flaws, or mistake in a computer program that produces an incorrect or unexpected result, or causes it to behave in unintended ways. Farming ,in agriculture, it is an activity of growing crops and raising livestock. Farming, in DotA, is an act of collecting gold. figurehead is a person given a position of nominal leadership but having no actual authority. Glitch is a minor malfunction, or technical problem. Godlike means resembling or having the qualities of God or a god. In DotA, it is a call for having nine consecutive player kills.Imba is an abbreviation for â€Å"imbalanced†. Imba can be applied to a subject in gaming (Weapon, army, race, role or job) which can be either too strong (Overpowered, or OP) or too weak (Underpowered, or UP). Insomnia is a specific kind of sleep disorder in which the patient is not able to get into sleep or the patient is not able to remain asleep for an adequate period of time Jerk is a single quick motion of short duration. Micro is a word comes from the Greek word micros meaning small. Micro (microing),in DotA, is an act of last hitting creeps.Narcolepsy is a condition characterized by an extreme tendency to fall asleep whenever in relaxing surroundings. Parasomnia, from the Latin meaning â€Å"around sleep,† is a sleep disorder characterized by abnormal sleep behaviors. Parasomnias involve unconscious complex, semi-purposeful, and goal-directed behaviors that have meaning or importance to the individual. These can include night terrors, sleepwalking, sleep eating, sleep sex, rapid eye movement (REM) behavior disorder, or any number of potential behaviors that occur while the person remains asleep. re-gamers means a potential game player that is not yet a game player. Respawn Also known as spawn, respawn is a gaming term used to describe the action of a computer player or human player coming back to life after being killed. Restless leg syndrome (Nocturnal myoclonus) is a disorder in which there is an urge or need to move the legs to stop unpleasant sensations. Screw is a metal fastener having a tapered shank with a helical thread, and topped with a slotted head, driven in to wood or the like by rotating, especially by means of a screwdriver.Screw means to mess something up, turn things for the worse. Sleep apnea is the temporary stoppage of breathing during sleep, often resulting in daytime sleepiness. Apnea is a Greek wo rd that means â€Å"want of breath. † Spatial memory is the part of memory responsible for recording information about one's environment and its spatial orientation. Trash-talk is a form of boast or insult commonly heard in competitive situations. Visuospatial is pertaining to perception of the spatial relationships among objects within the field of vision.