We Need a New Method of Purifying Drinking Water Essay

Chlorine has been purifying our drinking water for the last century. Chlorine has many uses; it is used as an amazing water disinfectant to rid water of harmful organisms, it sanitizes many surfaces, and it is used in the production of many products. Virtually all water borne diseases have been wiped out as a result of purification of drinking water - usually with chlorine. Life expectancy has increased fifty percent in the last century because people are able to drink clean, healthy water. Two hundred million people in America and Canada drink, shower and swim in chlorinated water everyday, and ninety-eight percent of drinking water treatment facilities use chlorination (Christman, 1998). Chlorine has benefited society in an†¦show more content†¦Finally, those who take the economic approach believe that chlorine might have some effect, yet the expenditure of money and time to develop alternatives for all of chlorine’s uses make it hard to eliminate it from our s ociety. Studies have shown that it is not the chlorine that causes damage to our health, but rather chlorine’s byproducts. Dioxins, which are an unwanted byproduct of industrial production that uses chlorine, are the most harmful human carcinogens studied (Thornton, 1997). When chlorine is added to our water supply, it immediately kills many to all of the organisms living in the water. However, it also reacts with any organic material in the water such as leaves, twigs, or dirt chemically producing byproducts called trihalomethanes, or THMs. THMs consist of four chemicals: chloroform, bromoform, bromodichloromethane and dibromochloromethane. Dibromochloromethane is already classified as a possible known human carcinogen and has been proven to cause cancer in laboratory animals (Times Union, 1996). The US Council of Environmental Quality states that, [t]he cancer risk among people drinking chlorinated water is 93% higher than among those whose water does not contain chlorine (Showering in Tap Water, 2001). Organizations such as Greenpeace and the Sierra Club, as well as many doctors and scientists, are publiclyShow MoreRelatedWhat Liquid Is The Most Important Type Of Water862 Words   |  4 Pagesorganisms’ survivability. This liquid is called water. Water is the most important type of liquid because it fuels animals and plants’ bodies. Moving on, water is a natural resource that cannot be created by human intervention. As a result, water is not infinite in some areas and can be loss if exploited and not cared for. Because water is essential, the quality of water is critical to humans. For instance, if there are contaminations in humans’ drinking water, the threat of diseases and health problemsRead MoreThe Effects Of Drinking Water On The Human Body1530 Words   |  7 Pages70% by mass of water. Most other animal lifeforms from bacteria to elephants contain a similar proportion. Plant life can contain up to 90% water. Water is one of the key components of life and as such is tied explicitly to the earth’s ecosystem. All sources of drinking water found on earth, contain naturally occurring contaminants. As the water flows though rivers, estuaries, streams and lakes, it absorbs/dissolves some of the substances it comes into contact with. Drinking water can also be foundRead MoreBenefits Of Water For Water1408 Words   |  6 Pagesundoubtedly water. Water is the start to every lifeform and continues to be the reason why there’s so much life on Earth. We have continually used water for many years. It is a necessary resource that needs to be used by all living beings in order to survive. In the past fresh water was considered a valuable Today water is taken for granted and there are many people that that don’t care about preserving water as much as other do. This is becoming a major concern since the amount of natural fresh water isRead MoreArgumentative Essay : Drinking Water Shortage1888 Words   |  8 PagesProfessor Kimberly Sullivan English 101 20 August 2014 Argumentative Water Essay There is a water crisis which faces many parts of the world and it is a threat to survival of human beings since humans are primarily dependent on water. Shortage in drinking water is beginning to show its effects in first world countries, but is a current major problem facing lesser developed countries which have not taken drastic steps to harvest water and purify it to make it safe for human consumption. In developedRead MoreSCI207 final lab paper1643 Words   |  7 Pagesreport was based on the how ground water may be affected by myriad containments present in our experiment and in our everyday . Surprisingly when vinegar was filtered through dirt it came out fairly clean. This surprised me because I would never believed that vinegar had such a profound effect on water considering its oily nature. I was convinced that vinegar more than the other contaminates would have produced a wider, more polluted field. I believed that all the water would have been contaminatedRead MoreThe Essentials Of Water Purification1201 Words   |  5 Pages The Essentials of Water Purification The Essentials of Water Purification From Academic Journals Ammar Jaleel Plano Academy High School  By making water purification processes more efficient, the number of casualties caused by unsanitary water will significantly drop. The purpose of this document is to inform the reader about the essentials of water purification; it is organized by the trend of the topic, typically by the types of processes. According to the UN, more than 2.5 billionRead MoreWater Scarcity Of Salt Water Irrigation1498 Words   |  6 Pageswith absolute water scarcity and that two-thirds of the world population could be under stress conditions caused by water scarcity†(IFAD). This data suggests an imminent and terrifying reality, earth is slowly running out of drinkable fresh water. This reality will most likely cause wars, starvation, and death for water is vital for human life with 20 to 50 liters needed daily to sustain basic human functions (IFAD). Unless we find a solution to this international human crisis, life as we know it willRead MoreTechniques For Providing Fresh Water For Arid Regi ons Of The World1565 Words   |  7 Pagesfeasibility of different techniques for providing fresh water to arid regions of the world. Word count : 1318 Tutor’s Name : Miss Janine Evans-Pollard Student Name : Mr. Bellil Anouar Class Group Number : 3 Student Kaplan Number : 28344 City University Id Number : 150000527 Submission Date : 3rd December 2014 Introduction : It is a well known fact that water is one of the most important resource present on earth. Indeed, water is used in several areas and domains such as : AgricultureRead MoreContamination of Drinking-Water by Arsenic in Bangladesh4866 Words   |  20 PagesIntroduction: There are metal substances which have mixed up with the river water of Bangladesh. The substance is known as Arsenic in Bangladesh. It was first found in the West Bengal ten years ago (1995-96). Arsenic is both toxic and carcinogenic. It is in inorganic forms, dissolved in drinking water which is the most significant forms of natural exposure. Organic forms of arsenic that may be present in food are much less toxic to humans. Clinical manifestations of arsenic poisoning begin withRead MoreSterilisation of Water Using Bleaching Powder2846 Words   |  12 PagesSTERILIZATION OF WATER USING BLEACHING POWDER A CHEMISTRY INVESTIGATORY PROGECT ANSHUL KUMAR PANDEY XII B [THIS PROJECT LOOKS AT THE TECHNIQUE CALLED STERILIZATION OF WATER USING BLEACHING POWDER WHICH IS USED TO PURIFY WATER AND MAKES IT FIT FOR DRINKING.] Downloaded from www.icbse.com INDEX 1. Certificate of Authenticity 2. Acknowledgement 3. Introduction -Need of Water -Purification of Water -Need for a stable purification technique 4. Theory -History of Water purification -Bleaching

Role of Student to Maintain Peaceful Atmosphere at Home,...

ROLE OF STUDENTS HOW STUDENTS CAN BEST SERVE THEIR COUNTRY: Hints: 1. Tremendous man-power of the country is being wasted away. 2. Education must be made purposeful and practical. 3. High aims and aspirations must be set before the students. 4. Students must work to remove social evils. 5. Students must actively participate in the economic development of the country. 6. Military training is essential. 7. Students must not participate in politics and give up their indulgence in hooligism. . 8. Students must peacefully ex ¬press their dissatisfaction. 9. Moral and intellectual frustration from among the students must be removed. 10. Proper incentives and creative occupations must be provided to the students. It is a pity that†¦show more content†¦*****A student plays a very significant role in developing the country . He /she study hard throughout their life amp; when the person Role of Student India has a vast population of students who are studying in thousands of schools and colleges. These students can plays a very significant role in the re-building and reconstruction of our nation. This can only happen if their energies are properly channelised. The students had also played in a very important role during India s struggle for independence. But after India s independence it seems that students have no aim and noble cause before them for which they can utilise their energy. From time to time we hear about student s indiscipline in difference universities and colleges. This again proves that the student s power is being misused for destructive activities instead of any constructive work. In reality, the students lack proper guidance and good leadership. For some years indiscipline among the students in India had become a serious problem. They were going on strikes and organising demonstrations, agitations etc. They were disrespecting their teachers and college authorities. They were also fighting with the police. Thus the whole academic atmosphere in the universities was vitiated. In certain universities forShow MoreRelatedStrengthening Community624 Words   |  3 Pagesthe community to adapt. These can arise from violence at home, and they can follow one person to their school and workplace. Furthermore, new forms of communication, such as social media, when used inappropriately, can negatively affect the community. However, I believe that it is possible for an individual to take action and intervene to help strengthen the community. Strengthening the community can be started at home, advancing to the school, workplace or to any other forms of community like churchesRead MoreEssay on the Importance of Discipline966 Words   |  4 Pagescertain laws to maintain perfect harmony and beauty. Without this order, there would be utter chaos. Discipline is a basic requirement of a civilized society. Citizens of a disciplined nation work with a spirit of coo peration and unity. Aristotle has rightly said, Discipline is obedience to rules formed by the society for the good of all. Discipline should be inculcated from a very young age. Talent and genius alone are not enough to achieve success. Discipline has an equally important role to play. TalentsRead MoreThe Columbine Tragedy1110 Words   |  5 Pages An outburst of school violence has taken over the nation throughout the past several years. Incidents of school violence have quickly intensified since the Columbine tragedy, thus prompting communities to take additional safety precautions with their youth education system. There are many inquiries on what type of violence is most common, often narrowing down on gender, ethnicity, and environment. Violence itself can be defined as a deliberate act, serving no legitimate purpose, which has the possibilityRead More Causes of School Violence Essay2568 Words   |  11 PagesTo explore how to maintain safe school environments, we must first define the causes of school violence. When Eric David Harris and Dylan Bennett Klebold opened fire inside Columbine High Sc hool on April 20, 1999, injuring 24, and killing 13 (including themselves), they were simply displaying the unfortunate symptom of their disease- a deeply-rooted lack of emotional literacy. As Sandra Bloom notes, A few incidents of violence are directly related to limited skills in reading, writing, andRead MoreCHILDREN TODAY PREFER TO PLAY COMPUTER GAMES TO TRADITIONAL GAMES.2573 Words   |  11 Pagesagreed to say that children today prefer to play computer games to traditional games. For instance, children nowadays did not participate in any club game of traditional like congkak club at school because they choose to join in club games like hockey and football. Then, most of them preferred to stay at home and play computer games than go outside with their friends and practice the traditional games. In a nutshell, the government should make some efforts to encourage children to be participatedRead MoreClassroom Behavior and Management Theories Essay2743 Words   |  11 Pagestog ether as a society. It is reflected in every relationship that we have. JD formalizes citizenship. It discusses our rights and responsibilities as citizens. JD is a philosophy and a framework for classroom management and school discipline that is based on the United States Constitution’s Bill of Rights. How do we balance students’ rights with the rights and interests of society? Forrest Gathercoal, author of Judicious Discipline, presents a model that respects the rights of students and balancesRead MoreCurbing Examination Malpractices in Nigerian Educational Assessment: Guidance and Counselling Intervention2969 Words   |  12 PagesScience Secondary School, Katsina, Katsina State And Abdulrasheed S. Imam (Ccn, mcasson) Ulul-Albab Science Secondary School, Katsina, Katsina state. . ABSTRACT The paper examines the role or intervention of guidance and counseling in curbing examination malpractice in Nigerian educational assessment among all the stake holders in education industry. Counseling can be of much interventional assistance in bringing re-orientation of students, teachers, the school and the society. Also provides socialRead MoreA Brief Note On Civil Rights For Minorities Essay1873 Words   |  8 Pagesgreater rights or benefits. In the early twentieth century, they were considered minority national groups didn’t feel represented within the territorial boundaries in which they found themselves. Their demands and dissatisfactions played a decisive role in the outbreak of the World War I and irresolute situation continued even after the end of the World War II. It was groups seeking to emancipate the country or empire on which were a minority and wanted to get greater representation of their interestsRead MoreA Brief Note On Civil Rights For Minorities Essay1880 Words   |  8 Pagesgreater rights or benefits. In the early twentieth century, they were considered minority national groups didn’t feel represented within the territorial boundaries in which they found themselves. Their demands and dissatisfactions played a decisive role in the outbreak of the World War I and irresolute situation continued even after the end of the World War II. It was groups seeking to emancipate the country or empire on which were a minority and wanted to get greater representation of their interestsRead More Meiji Restoration Essay1958 Words   |  8 PagesThe inception of the Tokugawa Shogunate around 1600 would reduce the impact of foreign relations throughout Japanese society. This bulwark helped resist change and development in Japan, although it continued throughout the western world. Following two hundred years of self imposed seclusion from the rest of the world, the forceful re-entry of the foreigner brought about considerable change in Japan. While managing the foreign threat, there was also an imbalance of power in the current feudal system

CusterA Essay Research Paper Hello and Welcome free essay sample

Custer ( A ) Essay, Research Paper Hello and Welcome to Channel 7 intelligence at 11:00. Today we have a Particular Broadcast coming tous live from Washington D.C. We are traveling to fall in Bill Beutel in a twosome of seconds. ReadyBill # 8230 ; ..Ok we are now directing you live to Washington # 8230 ; ..Bill: # 8220 ; Custer # 8217 ; s Last Stand # 8221 ; # 8230 ; this rings a bell in the heads of many as you will see in tonight # 8217 ; ssegments # 8230 ; # 8221 ; Custer Stands Again # 8221 ; . Tonight we will hold a one on one, first clip interview withGeneral George Armstrong Custer. His decease stirred up acrimonious contention. Well he is with ustoday for one last opportunity to acquire to the underside of everything. Let me present General GeorgeArmstrongCuster. Hello General. Custer: Hello Bill, how are you making? Bill: Fine, and how are you? You are looking really good today. I am glad you took clip out ofyour busy agenda to pass some clip with us and our loyal viewing audiences today. Custer: Thank You for the compliment Bill, you are looking good yourself. I myself have been ona Nutri System Diet and have lost 15 lbs, I feel like a new adult male. Bill: Sooner state we have a really short clip slot here so lets acquire the most out of this one time in a lifetimeinterview. Are you ready? Custer: I was born ready Bill. Go Ahead, Fire! ! ! Wait don # 8217 ; t fire, I meant start inquiring yourquestions when your ready. All I have to make is reply them, you have the tough half in inquiring thequestions.Bill: Sooner state, here goes, Are Those Bugle Boy Jeans that you are have oning? ? ! ! ? ? Custer: Why yes, as a affair of fact they are. I bought them merely for this show. I didn # 8217 ; t seem tounderstand that question.Bill: I was merely pull the leg ofing, I was merely seeking to interrupt the ice between us because we will be borderingon some really huffy affairs. Ok so lets acquire consecutive to the point. What are were your personalfeelings towards the In dians? Custer: I believed so and I believe now that they were barbarian and merely couldn # 8217 ; t maintain up withus Americans. They were besides really dark due to the fact that they were squalid. They refused towear normal vesture and walked around half bare. They were inferior to us in more ways thanothers. Bill: That is a really rough statement that you have stated. Can you endorse up that comment? Custer: Well of class I can, one that pops into my head is their usage of the Bow and Arrowcompared to our more advanced fire power, rifles. How could they even stand a opportunity againstus? For such ignorance they deserved what they received! ! ! ! ! Bill: Lashkar-e-taibas back up a small and travel a little off the subject for a 2nd, if you don # 8217 ; t head, can yousummarize to us how you became what you were and are today? I would wish to cognize and I amsure a batch of the viewing audiences would wish to cognize besides. Custer: Ohh Boy, that # 8217 ; s traveling back a long manner but give me a minute. Ok, it started a long timeago when I was a immature chap. I did non work hard at my surveies. I graduated at the underside of myclass fro the U.S. Military Academy at West Point in 1861, and joined the Union Forces in theCivil War. I can candidly state that I was and still am really smart but I neer accerted myself, Iguess you could state that I was lazy.Well, during the war I served with General McClellan in Virginia. In 1863 I was assigned to thecavalry and shortly revealed dare and glare as an officer. As a consequence I was promoted quickly.When the war ended, I was made a lieutenant colonel and sent to Kansas to contend Indians. Afterthat I did whatever I could to assist the state and I shortly became General.Well that was a batch to get down I hope that you got it all. Bill: Wow, that was really interesting. Ok, when you were destroying the lives of Indians by killingthem and crowding them off their land, like cattles, into unknown and chartle ss reserves didn # 8217 ; tyou experience any commiseration? Did you non hold a bosom! ! ? ? ! ! Custer: I don # 8217 ; t experience any commiseration for the Indians, non one spot. None of this was necessary if they listenedto us. It was because of their ignorance that all this started. They were a backwards civilization andwe were a thriving one. They were keeping us back and that was counter productive so we didwhat was in the best involvement of our turning state. We gave them every chance to joiningwith us and listen to us but they refused.Through my many old ages in the military forces I learned non to give into any of my personalfeelings. Not that I had anything against what I did! ! Bill: Well, you voiced your sentiment really good. Sooner state does the day of the month June 25, 1876 mean anything toyou? Custer: June 25, 1876 # 8230 ; how could I non retrieve that day of the month. That was the twenty-four hours that made mefamous. How dry that is. Bill: What do you inte nd, ironic? Custer: Well all through life I wanted to be celebrated and looked up to by others. Well I think its dry that I got what I wanted and became celebrated, after my decease at the custodies of my trueenemies†¦.The Indians. Bill: You mentioned something about aspirations. What was another aspiration that you had?Custer: Well I was planning and wanted to become President of The United States Of America. Ifeel I would have made a very good president. I would have been the best President that thiscountry had or has or even will have. I was best fit for that position. I am sure you could see thatalso. Bill: Very interesting, well, If it is not too painful can you reminisce the events of that battle, whichwe have tagged as â€Å"Custer’s Last Stand†. Custer: Ahh, â€Å"The Battle of Little Bighorn†. My troops and I were in the Montana Territory. Mytroops were starting to get restless. We were out there trying to round up the Sioux andCheyenne Indians and move them to reservations. I was under the command of General Alfred H. Terry, who was heading the expedition. General Terry ordered me to get in a position South ofwhere he suspected the Indians t o be.That morning one of my scouts found an Indian village about 15 miles away. It lay in the valleyalong the Little Bighorn River. I expected to find about 1,000 warriors. But I later found out thatthey really had at least 2,000 warriors. This group, whose leaders included Crazy Horse, Gall andSitting Bull, was probably the largest gathering of Indian warriors in Western History. Bill: What did you do?Custer: Well I did not want to be found out and I didn’t have the time to wait for Gen. Terry. Instead of waiting, I divided my force into 3 small units in hopes of surrounding the enemy. Alltogether I had a little more than 600 troops. I felt that we could take the Indians easily.One unit attacked and then retreated when it saw the size of the Indian force. A second never gotinto the fight. With only 226 men, I attacked the Indians. In hand-to-hand combat all of my bandwas killed with in the time period of 1 hour. Bill: I am so sorry. I hope you didn’t mind answering th at question but I am sure that our viewerswanted to know what REALLY happened. Ok now, If you had a choice would you do the samething over again and if you would what would you do different?Custer: That’s a really easy question. If I had a choice I would go back and do the same thingover again and with out one doubt in my mind. I would change a few things. One thing I would dodifferently is to WIN!!!! It wouldn’t be too hard to do. The second thing would be to do a morethorough job and kill them all!!! Every single one of them!!! Now after that, how can you tell methat I have no heart. Bill: There are two images of you†¦one of a HERO and another of a GLORY-SEEKER. Whichone do you see yourself as?Custer: I don’t even think that there is a problem with that answer. Yes of course I was lookingfor some glory. Who doesn’t? But that wasn’t my main goal. I wanted to help my country. I feelthat I am a very loyal citizen. I died for my country and I wi ll do it again. I notice that a lot of myfollowers feel the same way. I am very impressed with the monument that you have made for me. I was more concerned for my country than for myself or else I would not have tried to win thatbattle. I am a Hero in my mind and not a Glory-seeker. I feel that we could have won that battle ifit had gone the way that I planned it.Bill: What do you mean, how could you have won or why do you think you lost?Custer: We should not have lost that battle. We should have never lost any battle to the inferiorIndians. I feel that if my secondary officers did as they were told and my superior officer hadhelped then we would have won the battle. Reno, one of my secondary officers, was a coward. He could have rescued me if he had not retreated. I also blame Gen. Terry and his aides for notknowing the size of the Indian force. All he wanted was to have glory, he didn’t care for anyoneexcept for himself. He didn’t love the country like I did. I felt that I was a better officer than himand should have been promoted to a higher position. For all those people who believed that Idisobeyed Terry’s orders it is true but I did it because I was there and I knew that I had no otherchoice. Well if you still want to judge me on that we so be it. Well I have to go because I have tobe at West Point in another half an hour and I have to get some groceries for the Mrs’s. Bill: Thank you for the interview, General Custer. I hope that the rest of your life be long andprosperous, if I can say that. That concludes my one on one with General Custer and back to youSue in New York. Good Night America.BibliographyReynolds, Quentin J. Custer’s Last Stand. Random House 1951.Stein, R. Conrad. The Story of the Little Bighorn. Children’s Press. Connell, Evan S. Son of the Morning Star. North Point Press. 1983.

Operant Theory Application In Class Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Operant Theory Application In Class. Answer: Introduction Operant conditioning is a learning process in which behaviour is controlled by consequences. The process uses four key concepts, which are positive and negative reinforcement, as well as positive and negative punishment. Through these, a teacher can be able to create the conditions conducive for learning. At the same time, the teacher is able to identify the conditions under which the students will be most responsive to the learning process (Henton Iversen, 2012). Operant conditioning involves three concepts punishers, reinforcers and neutral operants. Regardless of their absence or presence, the subject does not alter their behaviour. Reinforcers are referred to as responses from the environment which increases the likelihood of a behaviour being repeated. Reinforcers can be negative or positive. On the other hand, punishers are those responses whose occurrence decreases the probability of a behaviour recurring. Punishers are meant to weaken the specific behaviour being targeted. Positive reinforcement means that positive behaviour is rewarded with something positive. For instance, a teacher may try to compliment students who give the right answers in class by asking other to clap for them or complimenting them. The teacher may also organize kinds of presents for student behaviour that could be encouraged, such as participation, punctuality among others. Negative reinforcement on the other hand means that negative behaviour attracts a derivation of something desirable. For instance, students can be asked to hand in their assignment early, to avoid receiving a Fail grade in their coursework. Similarly, the teacher may consider not using long hours to cover coursework if students pass a special test which gauges their understanding of coursework (Coon Mitterer, 2010). Positive punishment decreases behaviour. A student who has misbehaves may be punished by being placed in detention after class. At the same time, students who do not study for their class work receive a bad grade, which means that they spend more time than others in covering work done, and improving their grasp of the subject. Negative punishment works to remove something pleasant in addition to working to decrease target behaviour. For going to school late, a student may be deprived of their break-time. They may also be required to stay on after school to make up for lost time, but also as a form of punishment. Students who misbehave in class may be punished by having their positions in trips being close to them (Ernst, Daniele Frantz, 2011). Range of behaviours in the classroom typically displayed by this age group In this age group, the students are increasingly independent. They are yearning for independence. This means that they may sometimes not always respond positively to figures of authority in their lives, including their teachers and parents. The said behaviour is experienced by Jane. She faces students who are unresponsive in class. They have a pronounced apathy towards learning, clearly preferring to be in other places instead. The said students are usually bound to avoid answering questions in front of their peers. This is mainly due to their need for acceptance from their peers. They want to appear as though they are part of the group. As a show of resistance to authority, the class may have subconsciously become defiant to the teacher. As such, giving any quarter such as participating in class discussions or completing assigned homework will be felt by the individual students as a betrayal of their peers (Law, Siu Shek, 2012). At this stage, students are becoming more knowledgeable about the world they live in. They want to be accorded respect, and treated as adults. They are on the throes of adolescence, where profound behavioural and physical changes will occur. They are therefore in many ways confused about how they should respond to situations which were in many cases easy to resolve and be decisive about. The teacher therefore needs to understand the background of the students, so that they can better respond to them, and fulfil their needs as far as school is concerned, while being important figures in their new journey to adulthood through adolescence (Guerra Silva, 2010). Application of Operant Conditioning According to Skinner, the theorist behind operant conditioning, education should be done in a way which makes it enjoyable even as it tries to pass on a message. For instance, the student needs to participate in class work if they are to have any form of enjoyment in the class, or even to properly learn. To do this, the teacher must apply a set of incentives in order to increase classroom participation, and pique the interest of the students in the coursework (Fryling, Johnston Hayes, 2011). To encourage students to be more responsive in class, the teacher should encourage them using positive reinforcement. For instance, answering the question properly in class should be congratulated by the teacher in front of their peers. This will make the student feel more confident, and improve his relationship with the teacher. At the same time, the students will have learnt about the kind of behaviour that the teacher expects from them in future. The teacher should also make participation a key part of the students grades. Group assignments during class time should be set regularly. The level of participation in these assignments should be assessed, with the teachers knowing full well that their participation will be important in determining their final grade in the course (Hewage, 2007). Negative reinforcement can also be used to help students meet the expectations of the teacher. For instance, students who do not complete their assignments on time understand that this will have a bearing on their final exam. The more assignments they fail to deliver on time, the less their scores will be. This will be communicated to other interested parties such as the childrens parents. With such collaboration in place, it should be possible to push the students to become keener to complete their assignments (Lineros Hinojosa, 2012). Students should also be subject to negative reinforcement to encourage them to participate in the above described group assignments carried out during class time. The groups should be required to show the participation of each student. They should be required to complete the assignment and present it within class time, with each member of the group being required to play an active role in this. Failure to do so should be met with negative reinforcement. Those who do not finish on time should not go for normal breaks until they are done. Students who fail to participate properly in discussions should be made to understand that their lack of participation negatively affects the final score at the end of the term (Lineros Hinojosa, 2012). Operant conditioning also involves positive punishment. This should be done especially in the ability to complete homework and assignments. After class, those unable to complete their homework for the previous meeting should be required to sit in class and do the work before they are released. This will discourage them from repeating the issue in future, as they will have lost time they could have been using to play. The teacher needs to understand that students will often fail to do homework. They may detest the time they have to spend doing it, under minimum supervision, while they could instead by playing with their peers (Lineros Hinojosa, 2012). The strengths and weakness of Operant Conditioning The operant theory has several advantages over other theories in bringing about the desired behaviour above. Among these advantages is its focus on motivation. Skinner believed in modelling behaviour so that the individual could know what is acceptable to the teacher. The reinforcement is also expected to outlast the engagement with the teacher and even the curse. The operant behaviour also serves to teach the student about the realty. This is in relation to the fact that positive action leads to positive results, and vice versa (Byiers et al, 2014). The theory is easy to administer. For instance, the inability to complete the desired coursework leads to a low grade at the end of the term. This is something which the teacher can administer easily, and something which the student can readily understand. At the same time, there are other variants. Of the students are not keen on answering questions in front of their peers, they can do so within groups in which they feel freer and more able o express themselves. The theory also has weaknesses which may at times inhibit its ability to be effective. According to skinner, there can only be good or bad behaviour. There is nothing in between. The reality is markedly different. This mean that the teacher may be unable to respond to situations in which student behaviour is neither good nor bad using operant theory (Sullivan, 2014). Positive and negative reinforcement may not always work to bring about the required behaviour. For instance, congratulating students in front of their peers may not be enough to improve the level of participation from the students. In other times when the reinforcement can no longer be given out, it becomes impossible for the student to continue the behaviour. For instance, if something makes it impossible to attach class discussions to the final score, students are less likely to continue with the behaviour in question (Lattal Lattal, 2012). While Banduras social learning theory is able to make explanations about aggressive behaviour even in the presence of direct aggressive behaviour, Skinners theory is not able to do this. This is a major weakness since it cannot be used to address issues involving vicarious learning. Other theories also help explain differences between aggressive and non aggressive behaviour. The theoretical premise that people respond differently to situations because they feel reinforcement favours or punishes violence is not present in operant conditioning, further diluting its applicability in varied settings. Operant Conditioning The operant theory is a useful way of improving the issues which Jane faces in the class. She is unable to get feedback from her students. This means that she has not ability to suit her teaching to adapt to students needs. Teachers should be able to use the model so that they can enhance commitment and participation in the classroom. The theory is easy to apply to different circumstances, making it especially powerful as a tool for modifying student behaviour. It may have its disadvantages as well. It is too simplistic in some instances, making it more difficult to apply in issues which are not clear cut in nature. At the same time, the model may only have temporary effects on the subject. This makes it in many ways unsuitable for long term behaviour modification. However, this still means that the teacher will, under the present circumstances, still be able to modify the students behaviour to suit her desired criteria. 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